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Within the methods using battery materials, the use of redox agents to induce the reaction is particularly well suited to be scaled-up for industrial lithium production. We first demonstrated the suitability of the use of redox agents combined with battery materials by employing sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) to drive the lithium sequestration reaction into a FePO4 host battery structure, thus producing LiFePO4 as the reaction product.30 As illustrated in figure 1, once lithium is selectively sequestrated in the battery host structure (in the form of LiFePO4), then the LiFePO4 powder is removed from the reaction mixture, and lithium is released using an oxidising agent thus recovering the battery material (as FePO4) and producing a lithium salt (e.g. Li2CO3) as the overall product of the whole process. Therefore, the battery material can be used in many cycles of lithium sequestration and release, and only the redox agents are consumed for the production of the lithium salt. In this work, we report the use of an advantageous alternative redox agent, sodium sulfite (Na2SO3), which is cheaper, induces a higher amount of lithium insertion per mole of reactant, is non-toxic and the product of the reaction (Na2SO4) is completely inert. The reactions of lithium sequestration are as follows: Li+ + FePO4 + e- ⇌ LiFePO4 (E0 = 0.40 V vs. SHE)30 (1) 2S2O32-⇌ S4O62- + 2e- (E0 = 0.08 V vs. SHE)31 (2) 2Li+ + 2FePO4 + 2S2O32-⇌ 2LiFePO4 + S4O62- (G0 = -62 kJ/mol) (3) SO32- + H2O ⇌ SO42- + 2H++ 2e- (E0 = -0.52 V vs. SHE, pH = 7)31 (4) 2Li+ + 2FePO4 + SO32- + H2O ⇌ 2LiFePO4 + SO42- + 2H+ (G0 = -178 kJ/mol) (5) where E0 stands for the standard potentials and the driving force for the lithium sequestration reactions are the lower values of standard potentials of the reducing agents (Na2S2O3 and Na2SO3) compared to the LiFePO4/FePO4 redox potential. Na2SO3 is a cheap and accessible reagent used in different applications, such as pulp and paper industry,32 water treatment33 or in the textile industry.34 Additionally, it is also used in 5PDF Image | Novel method of lithium production from brines
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)