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Minerals 2021, 11, 1330 7 of 23 3. Samples and Methods Six brine samples were collected from two boreholes (wells GJ1 and SJ4) for this study. Samples N1-1, N1-2, and N1-3 were collected from well GJ1. Samples S1-1, S1-2, and S1-3 were collected from well SJ4. The brine from well GJ1 was collected from the Paleocene fractured mudstone reservoir at a depth of 3571 m. The brine from well SJ4 was collected from the basalt pore-type reservoir at a depth of 3880 m (Figure 2B). Four basalt samples were collected from a field outcrop in the Balingshan area in the northern Jiangling depression (Figure 3A). Four granite samples were collected from a field outcrop in the Taohuashan area in the southeast of the depression (Figure 3B). The composition analysis of the potassium–lithium-rich brine and major elements was completed by the National Geological Testing Center, in which Cl and SO4 were tested by the titration method of AgNO3 and BaCl2, and the analysis error was less than 3%. The other main elements were tested by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and the analysis error was less than 5%. Trace elements were determined by plasma mass spectrometry (X-series). Through the microscopic identification of thin sections, petrography of the igneous rock was studied to determine the mineral assemblage, composition, structure, alteration characteristics of the surrounding rock, rock type, and inclusions in the rock. Some fresh granite and basalt samples were selected and crushed to 200 mesh and sent to the National Geological Experiment and Test Center of the Ministry of Natural and Resources for major and trace element analyses. The major elements were detected by fused X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF-PW4400) based on GB/T14506.28-2010, and the analysis error was less than 2–5%. Trace elements were detected by plasma mass spectrometer (ICPMS-PE300D) based on GB/T14506.30-2010, and the analysis error was less than 5–10%. The appropriate granite and basalt samples were selected, the weathered and attached objects on the surface of the samples were removed, and the samples were coarsely crushed. After cleaning and drying, the samples were finely crushed to a size of 60~80 mesh with a crushing machine, from which 20 g samples were sifted. Attention was given to ensure that the samples were clean and not contaminated. Water–rock reaction experiments were carried out in the laboratory with a reactor device at different temperatures, reaction times, fluid compositions, and fluid types, and the reaction products were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The experiment of the water-rock reaction due to static immersion of igneous rock was carried out under normal temperature and pressure conditions. The reaction fluid conditions were distilled water, 1 mol/L NaCl, 2 mol/L NaCl, pH = 5, and pH = 8, and the sampling times were on the 1st, 5th, 11th, 19th, 29th, 41st, and 55th days. To explore the influence of reaction time on the dissolved elements, one granite sample and one basalt sample were selected for this experiment. The reaction solution was a 1 mol/L NaCl solution, the total reaction time was 6 h, the reaction temperature was 150 ◦C, the average sampling time was once per hour, and the two samples were sampled 12 times in total. To explore the effect of reaction temperature and fluid composition on the element dissolution amount, one basalt sample and one granite sample were selected; the reaction time was 4 h; the reaction temperatures were 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 ◦C; the reaction fluid was distilled water and 1 mol/L NaCl solution; and each sample was sampled 10 times fora total of 20 times. 4. Results 4.1. Brine Composition According to the observations from two boreholes (GJ1 and SJ4), the brine deposits are distributed from 1500 m to 5000 m underground in the basin. Brine occurs in tectonic fracture zones, sandstone pores, and basalt fractures of the Paleocene Shashi and Xin’gouzui formations [9]. Brine is pressure-bearing. The results of large-scale pumping experiments show that the water flow in multiple wells is stable, and the water inflow in each well is more than 1000 m3/d. The lithium and potassium content in the deep-buried brine reachesPDF Image | Origin of Lithium Potassium Rich Brines in the Jianghan
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