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Minerals 2021, 11, 1330 8 of 23 industrial grade, and it also contains other beneficial components such as B and Br (Table 1). The contents of sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, sulfate, lithium, boron, and strontium are 102.97–113.93 g/L, 182.68–202.02 g/L, 6.32–10.35 g/L, 4.16–13.56 g/L, 0.24–0.54 g/L, 44.15–107.41 mg/L, 588.23–971.99 mg/L, and 402.02–1031.70 mg/L, respectively (Table 1). Table 1. Chemical composition of lithium–potassium-rich brines in Jiangling depression. Samples N1 and S1 are from ells GJ1 and SJ4, respectively. SampleTDS pH K Na Ca Mg Cl SO4 B Li Sr Br I (g/L) (g/L) (g/L) (g/L) (g/L) (g/L) (g/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) N1-1 331 5.90 10.18 111.87 4.16 0.22 183.48 0.41 950.66 104.71 409.73 461.92 31.91 N1-2 335 5.93 10.26 113.93 4.23 0.21 184.59 0.32 971.99 105.58 406.38 440.30 31.75 N1-3 332 5.99 10.35 112.82 4.35 0.22 182.68 0.54 960.62 107.41 402.02 433.02 31.95 S1-1 359 6.52 6.99 106.10 13.56 0.04 202.02 0.26 588.23 48.61 1031.70 227.60 39.05 S1-2 352 6.58 6.41 105.20 12.46 0.05 197.70 0.24 651.40 44.25 955.85 206.65 36.15 S1-3 351 6.50 6.32 102.97 12.37 0.06 194.42 0.28 642.18 44.15 954.50 203.30 35.65 The SiO2 content in the basalt ranges from 48.03% to 52.55%, with an average value of 50.92%. The Na2O content varies from 3.85% to 5.56%, with an average of 4.79%. The K2O content varies from 0.36% to 2.05%, with an average of 1.00%; the Al2O3 content varies from 12.30% to 14.00%, with an average of 13.45%; and the CaO content varies from 4.23% to 7.35%, with an average of 5.76%. 4.2. Petrology and Mineralogy 4.2.1. Basalt Basalt is the most widely distributed volcanic rock in the Jiangling depression. Longi- tudinally, it is characterized by the alternating occurrence of red stomatal nodular basalt and dark grey dense massive basalt (Figures 4A and 5B). The pores of the red stomatal nodular basalt are filled with minerals such as zeolite, chlorite, calcite, and opal (Figure 4A). The dark grey-green dense massive basalt has columnar joints (Figure 4C), in which the calcite and quartz veins are extremely well developed, ranging from 1 to 5 cm in width, most often up to several meters (Figure 4D). Microscopic observation shows that the basalt has an obvious intergranular structure, and olivine alteration is strong, resulting in chlori- tization and iddingsitization (Figure 4E). Plagioclase and pyroxene are the main weakly altered rock-forming minerals (Figure 4F), and the accessory minerals are mainly magnetite, ilmenite, apatite, etc. According to the major element analysis of basalt samples in the Jiangling depression (Table 2), the SiO2 content in the basalt ranges from 52.86% to 53.10%, with an average value of 52.99%. The Na2O content varies from 3.24% to 3.87%, with an average of 3.48%. The K2O content varies from 1.03% to 1.20%, with an average of 1.09%. The Al2O3 content ranges from 13.03% to 14.00%, with an average of 13.54%. The CaO content ranges from 6.23% to 8.55%, with an average of 7.34%. Table 2. Main elements of basalt in Jiangling depression (%). The last four samples are from [47]. Samples SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 TFe2O3 MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 LOI Li Zr Total (μg/g) (μg/g) JLB1 53.04 2.00 14.00 9.24 0.18 8.32 6.37 3.25 1.03 0.20 1.89 15.0 147 99.82 JLB2 53.10 1.95 13.03 9.64 0.10 8.29 6.23 3.24 1.20 0.22 1.85 29.6 152 99.95 JLB3 52.94 2.03 13.25 8.98 0.10 7.49 8.55 3.56 1.05 0.22 1.63 17.9 159 99.81 JLB4 52.86 2.26 13.86 8.82 0.17 6.82 8.21 3.87 1.09 0.29 1.63 19.0 149 100.09 18DT10 49.77 2.28 14.77 12.65 0.15 7.29 8.84 3.08 0.82 0.37 0 7.26 158 100.02 18DT12 51.68 1.99 14.01 12.33 0.16 7.34 8.05 3.21 0.63 0.26 0 5.43 136 99.66 18DT13 53.45 1.82 14.14 11.95 0.16 6.71 7.83 3.28 0.75 0.21 0 5.34 124 100.28 18DT14 52.28 1.89 14.03 12.23 0.16 7.18 8.03 3.09 0.49 0.21 0 4.87 128 99.58PDF Image | Origin of Lithium Potassium Rich Brines in the Jianghan
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