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Membranes 2022, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW Meembbrraanneess2200222,,1122,,8x39FOR PEER REVIEW 7 of 13 77 of 13 Figure 6. Water contact angles of the PIMs with different content of P507-TBP; n = 5. Figure 6. Water contact angles of the PIMs with different content of P507-TBP; n = 5. Figure 6. Water contact angles of the PIMs with different content of P507-TBP; n = 5. 3.2. Separation Performance of the PIMs 3.2. Separation Performance of the PIMs 3.2. Separation Performance of the PIMs 3.2.1. Optimization of the Carrier Content 3.2.1. Optimization of the Carrier Content 3.2.1. Optimization of the Carrier Content The extraction carrier is the most critical component of the PIM because it can deter- The extraction carrier is the most critical component of the PIM because it can deter- The extraction carrier is the most critical component of the PIM because it can deter- mine the separation performance of the membrane. In order to optimize the carrier con- mine the separation performance of the membrane. In order to optimize the carrier content mine the separation performance of the membrane. In order to optimize the carrier con- tent in PIM, transport experiments with PIMs containing different amounts of P507-TBP in PIM, transport experiments with PIMs containing different amounts of P507-TBP were tent in PIM, transport experiments with PIMs+ containing dif+feren2t+ amounts of P507-TBP were performed for 24 h. The initial flux+ of Li and the+SF(Li2/+Mg ) were calculated, and performed for 24 h. The initial flux of Li and the SF(Li /Mg ) were calculated, and the were performed for 24 h. The initial flux of Li+ and the SF(Li+/Mg2+) were calculated, and the obtained results are shown in Figure 7. It can be observed that the PIMs with carrier obtained results are shown in Figure 7. It can be observed that the PIMs with carrier content the obtained results are shown in Figure 7. It can be observed that the PIMs with carrier content less than 30 wt.% exhibit little abil+ity for Li+ selective separation from the aqueous less than 30 wt.% exhibit little ability for Li selective separation from the aqueous solution. content less than 30 wt.% exhibit little ability for Li+ selective separation from the aqueous solution. When increasing the carrier content from 40 wt.% to 70 wt.%, the initial flux of When increasing the carrier content from 40 wt.% to 70 wt.%, the initial flux of Li+ for solution. When increasing the carrier content from 40 wt.% to 70 wt.%, the initial flux of Li+ for the PIM shows an increasing trend, and the value for the CTA/P507-TBP 70% mem- the PIM shows an increasing trend, and the value for the CTA/P507-TBP 70% membrane Li+ for the PIM shows an inc−r3easing t−r2 en−1d, and the v+alue2f+or the CTA/P507-TBP 70% mem- −3−2−1 +2+ brane reaches about 8.2 × 10 mol·m ·h . The SF(Li /Mg ) of the PIM increases firstly and reaches about 8.2 × 10 mol·m ·h . The SF(Li /Mg ) of the PIM increases firstly brane reaches about 8.2 × 10−3 mol·m−2·h−1. The SF(Li+/Mg2+) of the PIM increases firstly and then decreases, and the maximum selectivity is obtained when the carrier content is 50 and then decreases, and the maximum selectivity is obtained when the carrier content is then decreases, and the maximum selectivity is obtained when the carrier content is 50 + + 2+ 2+ wt.% with the value of 12.67. Then the SF(Li /Mg ) of the PIM decreases sharply as the 50 wt.% with the value of 12.67. Then the SF(Li /Mg ) of the PIM decreases sharply as wt.% with the value of 12.67. Then the SF(Li+/Mg2+) of the PIM decreases sharply as the tchaerrciaerriceornctoentefnutrftuhretrhienrcirnecarseeassetos t7o07w0 wt.%t.%. T. hTihsiscacnanbbeeeexxpplalainineeddbbyytthe voids in the carrier content further increases to 70 wt.%. This can be explained by the voids in the membrane (SEM iimages iin Secttiion 3..1..1)).. Therefore,, consiidering botth permeabiilliity and membrane (SEM images in Section 3.1.1). Therefore, considering both p++ermeability and sellectiiviity,,tthee6600wtt.%.%ccaannbbeeuusseeddaassththeeoopptitmimaallccaarrrieierrccoonntetennt.t.TThheeLLii initialflfluxand + s e l e c t i v i t+y , t h e 2 6+ 0 w t . % c a n b e u s e d a s t h e o p t i m a l c a r r i e r c o n t −e n3 t . T h e L−i 2 i n −i t 1i a l f l u x a n d +2+ −3 −2−1 theSF((Lii /Mg ))ooffCTA//PP550077-T-TBBPP6600%meembrraneis 4.67 × 10 mmolo·ml·m·h ·handa1n0d.6120,.6re2-, the SF(Li+/Mg2+) of CTA/P507-TBP60% membrane is 4.67 × 10−3 mol·m−2·h−1 and 10.62, re- rsepsepcetcivtievleyl.y. spectively. 12 16 12 16 Separation factor of Li+ over Mg2+ + + 2+ ISneitpiaalrfalutixonoffaLcitorofLi overMg Initial flux of Li+ 10 10 8 8 14 14 12 12 10 10 68 68 4 4 2 2 6 6 4 4 2 2 00 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 TBP-P507 content in membrane (wt.%) TBP-P507 content in membrane (wt.%) + Fiigure7..Lii separationperformanceofthePIMswiithdiiffferrenttccontteenttssooffccaarrrieierr(P(P550077-T-TBBPP).).Feed Figure 7. Li+ separation performance of the PIMs with different contents of carrier (P507-TBP). Feed solution: 0.1 mol/L LiCl; 4.0 mol/L MgCl2; 0.13 mol/L FeCl3; test time: 24 h; n = 5. solution: 0.1 mol/L LiCl; 4.0 mol/L MgCl2; 0.13 mol/L FeCl3; test time: 24 h; n = 5. Feed solution: 0.1 mol/L LiCl; 4.0 mol/L MgCl2; 0.13 mol/L FeCl3; test time: 24 h; n = 5. −3 −3 −2 −2−1 −1 IniItniaitliafllufxlu(x×1(×010moml·oml·m·h·h) ) + + 2+2+ SFS(FLi(L/Mi /gMg) )PDF Image | P507 TBP Carriers for Lithium Extraction from Brines
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