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US 10,695,694B2 56 aleachatefromamineralorcombinationofminerals,a patent,orpatentaplicationwasspecificalyandindividu leachatefromaclayorcombinationofclays,aleachatefrom alyindicatedtobeincorporatedbyreference. recycledproducts,aleachatefromrecycledmaterials,or combinationsthereof.Insomeembodiments,theacidsolu tioncompriseshydrochloricacid,sulfuricacid,phosphoric 5 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Thenovelfeaturesoftheinvention aresetforthwith acid,formicacid,aceticacid,orcombinationsthereof.In particularityintheappendedclaims.Abeterunderstanding acid,hydrobromicacid,chloricacid,perchloricacid,nitric someembodiments,thesaltsolutionfurthercomprisesan ofthefeaturesandadvantagesofthepresentinventionwil impurityderivedfromthecoatedionexchangeparticle.In beobtainedbyreferencetothefolowingdetaileddescrip someembodiments,theimpurityispresentinaconcentra 10 tion thatsetsforthilustrative embodiments,inwhich the tionofmorethan1pb,morethan5ppb,morethan10ppb, principlesoftheinventionareutilized,andtheaccompany morethan10ppb,morethan1ppm,morethan2ppm, ingdrawingsofwhich: morethan4ppm,morethan6ppm,morethan8ppm,les FIG.1depictsthecoatedionexchangeparticlewithion than10pm,lesthan8pm,lesthan6ppm,lesthan4 exchangematerial1andacoatingmaterial2protectingthe 15coatedionexchangeparticlesurface. pm,lesthan2pm,lesthan1pm,lesthan10pb, FIG.2depictsaporouspolymerbead3suportingcoated lesthan10ppb,lesthan5ppb,fromabout1ppbtoabout ionexchangeparticle(s)4. 10pm,fromabout5ppbtoabout10pm,fromabout10 FIG.3depictsanionexchangecolumn5loadedwith pbtoabout10pm,fromabout50pbtoabout10pm, porouspolymerbeads3suportingcoatedionexchange fromabout10pbtoabout10pm,fromabout1pm to20particle(s). about10pm,from about2ppm toabout10pm,from FIG.4demonstratesdecreaseddisolutionduringacid about4ppmtoabout10pm,fromabout6ppmtoabout treatmentforcoatedionexchangeparticlesrelativeto ppm,orfromabout8pm toabout10pm. An aspect described herein is a method of extracting lithium from aliquidresource,comprising:contactingthe 25 porousstructurewithaliquidresourcetoproducealithiated porousstructure;andtreatingthelithiatedporousstructure withanacidsolutiontoproduceasaltsolutioncomprising uncoatedionexchangeparticles. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Theterms"lithium”,"lithium ion”,and“Li+”areused lithiumions.Insomeembodiments,theliquidresourceisa interchangeablyinthepresentspecificationandtheseterms naturalbrine,adisolvedsaltflat,seawater,concentrated30aresynonymousunlesspecificalynotedtothecontrary. seawater,adesalinationefluent,aconcentratedbrine,a Theterms“hydrogen”,“hydrogenion”,“proton”,and“H+” procesedbrine,anoilfieldbrine,aliquidfromanion areusedinterchangeablyinthepresentspecificationand exchangeproces,aliquidfromasolventextractionproces, thesetermsaresynonymousunlesspecificalynotedtothe asyntheticbrine,aleachatefromanoreorcombinationof contrary. ores,aleachatefromamineralorcombinationofminerals,35CoatedIonExchangeParticle a leachate from a clay or combination of clays, a leachate In an aspect described herein are coated ion exchange fromrecycledproducts,aleachatefromrecycledmaterials, particlescomprisingionexchangematerialandcoating orcombinationsthereof.Insomeembodiments,theacid material. solutioncompriseshydrochloricacid,sulfuricacid,phos CoatingMaterialofCoatedIonExchangeParticle phoricacid,hydrobromicacid,chloricacid,perchloricacid,40 Insomeembodiments,thecoatingmaterialpreventsthe nitricacid,formicacid,aceticacid,orcombinationsthereof. disolutionoftheionexchangematerial.Insomeembodi Anaspectdescribedhereinisamethodofextracting ments,thecoatingmaterialprotectstheionexchangemate lithiumfromaliquidresource,comprising:contactingthe rialfromdisolutionanddegradationduringlithiumelution porousbeadwithaliquidresourcetoproducelithiated inacid,duringlithiumuptakefromaliquidresource,and porousbeads;andtreatingthelithiatedporousbeadswithan45duringotherembodimentsofanionexchangeproces.In acidsolutiontoproduceasaltsolutioncomprisinglithium someembodiments,thecoatingmaterialenablestheuseof ions.Insomeembodiments,theliquidresourceisanatural concentratedacidsintheionexchangeprocesto:(1)yield brine,adisolvedsaltflat,seawater,concentratedseawater, concentratedlithiumionsolutions;(2)shifttheequilibrium adesalinationefluent,aconcentratedbrine,aprocesed suchthatlithiumionsmovefromtheionexchangematerial; brine,anoilfieldbrine,aliquidfromanionexchange50and(3)maximizeionexchangecapacityoftheionexchange proces,aliquidfromasolventextractionproces,asyn material.Oneexampleofacoatedionexchangeparticleis theticbrine,aleachatefromanoreorcombinationofores, showninFIG.1. a aleachatefrom amineralorcombinationofminerals, Insomeembodiments,thecoatingmaterialalowsdifu leachatefromaclayorcombinationofclays,aleachatefrom siontoandfromtheionexchangematerial.Inparticular,the recycledproducts,aleachatefromrecycledmaterials,or5coatingmaterialfacilitatesdifusionoflithium ionsand combinationsthereof.Insomeembodiments,theacidsolu hydrogenionsbetwenthecoatedionexchangeparticles tioncompriseshydrochloricacid,sulfuricacid,phosphoric andvariousliquidresources.Insomeembodiments,the acid,hydrobromicacid,chloricacid,perchloricacid,nitric coatingmaterialenablestheadherenceofcoatedion acid,formicacid,aceticacid,orcombinationsthereof. exchangeparticlestoastructuralsuportandsupreses In some embodiments, the method is conducted in a 60 structural and mechanical degradation of the coated ion column. INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE exchangeparticles. Insomeembodiments,thecoatingmaterialcomprisesa carbide,anitride,anoxide,aphosphate,afluoride,a polymer,carbon,acarbonaceousmaterial,orcombinations Alpublications,patents,andpatentaplicationsmen-65thereof.Insomeembodiments,thecoatingmaterialcom tionedinthisspecificationarehereinincorporatedbyref prisesNb05,Ta,03,MOO,TiO2,ZrO2,M002,SnO2, erencetothesameextentasifeachindividualpublication, SiO2,Li20,LiTiO3,LiZrO3,LizM003,LiNbO3,LiTaO3,PDF Image | Patent Lithium Extraction with coated ion exchange particles
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)