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11 12 US 10,695,694B2 particleswhichareacomponentofthesecondaryion exchangeparticles,uncoatedionexchangeparticles,and exchangeparticlesandafurthercoatingisapliedonthe combinationsthereofintheporousstructure.Insome secondaryionexchangeparticles.Insomeembodiments,the embodiments,thehierarchicalconectednetworkofpores primaryionexchangeparticleshaveafirstcoatingandthe compriseslargechanelsfromwhichmediumchanels secondaryionexchangeparticleshaveasecondcoatingthat5branchfromand/ormedium chanelsfromwhichsmal isidentical,similar,ordiferentincompositiontothefirst chanelsbranchfrom.Insomeembodiments,thehierarchi coating. ticles,uncoatedionexchangeparticles,andcombinations10hierarchicalconectednetworkofporescreatesfastpen thereofareoptionalyembededin,adheredto,orotherwise etrationofliquidsolutionsintothepores.Insomeembodi suportedbyastructuralsuport. ments,thehierarchicalconectednetworkofporescreates StructuralSuportsofPorousStructure fastdifusionoflithiumionsandprotonsthroughthepores Insomeembodiments,thestructuralsuportcomprisesa fromthesurfaceoftheporousstructuretothecoatedion polymer,anoxide,aphosphate,orcombinationsthereof.In15exchangeparticles,uncoatedionexchangeparticles,and someembodiments,thestructuralsuportcomprisespoly combinationsthereofintheporousstructure. vinylidenedifluoride,polyvinylchloride,polyvinyldichlo SizeofPoresinPorousStructure ride,achloro-polymer,afluoro-polymer,afluoro-chloro Insomeembodiments,theporousstructureincludespores polymer,polyethylene,polypropylene,polyphenylene withdiametersrangingfromlesthan10umtogreaterthan sulfide,polytetrafluoroethylene,polytetrofluoroethylene,2050um.Insomeembodiments,theporousstructureincludes sulfonatedpolytetrofluoroethylene,polystyrene,polydivi poreswithdiametersoflesthanabout1um,lesthanabout nylbenzene,polybutadiene,sulfonatedpolymer,carboxy 2um,lesthanabout3um,lesthanabout4um,lesthan latedpolymer,polyacrylonitrile,polyacrylonitrile,tetrafluo about5um,lesthanabout6um,lesthanabout7um,les roethylene,perfluoro-3,6-dioxa-4-methyl-7-octene-sulfonic thanabout8um,lesthanabout9um,lesthanabout10 acid(NAFION® (copolymerofperfluoro-3,6-dioxa-4-25um,lesthanabout20um,lesthanabout30um,orles methyl-7octene-sulfonicacidandtetrafluoroethylene), thanabout40um.Insomeembodiments,theporousstruc copolymersthereof,andcombinationsthereof.Insome tureincludesporeswithdiametersofmorethanabout10 embodiments,astructuralsuportisselectedfrom:polyvi um,morethanabout20um,morethanabout30um,more nylidenedifluoride,polyvinylchloride,sulfonatedpolytet thanabout40um,morethanabout50um,morethanabout rofluoroethylene,polystyrene,polydivinylbenzene,copoly-3060um,morethanabout70um,morethanabout80um, calconectednetworkofporescomprisessmalchanels PorousStructure convergingtomedium chanelsand/ormedium chanels Inanaspectdescribedherein,coatedionexchangepar convergingtolargechanels.Insomeembodiments,the mers thereof,or combinationsthereof.Insome embodiments,astructuralsuportisselectedfrom:titanium embodiments,theporousstructureincludesporeswith dioxide,zirconiumdioxide,silicondioxide,solidsolutions diametersfromabout1umtoabout10um,fromabout5 thereof,orcombinationsthereof.Insomeembodiments,the umtoabout90um,fromabout10umtoabout80um,from structuralsuportisselectedforthermalresistance,acid 35about20umtoabout70um,orfromabout30umtoabout resistance,and/orotherchemicalresistance. 60um. Insomeembodiments,thestructuralsuportisusedwith FormsofPorousStructures the coated ion exchange particles,uncoated ion exchange In some embodiments, coated ion exchange particles, particles,andcombinationsthereofinamassratioofpoly uncoatedionexchangeparticles,andcombinationsthereof mertoparticlesthatisabout1:10,about1:20,about1:5,40areembeddedinasuportstructure,whichisamembrane, about1:1,about5:1,about20:1,from1:10toabout20:1, aspiral-woundmembrane,aholowfibermembrane,ora from1:20to20:1,from1:5to20:1,from1:1to20:1,from mesh.Insomeembodiments,thecoatedionexchange 5:1to20:1,from1:1to1:20,from1:1to1:15,orfrom1:1 particles,uncoatedionexchangeparticles,andcombinations to 1:10. thereofareembededonasuportstructurecomprisedofa Insomeembodiments,thestructuralsuportisapolymer45polymer,aceramic,orcombinationsthereof.In some thatisdisolvedandmixedwiththecoatedionexchange embodiments,theporousstructureisloadeddirectlyintoa particles,theuncoatedionexchangeparticlesandcombina columnwithnoaditionalsuportstructure. tionsthereof,usingasolventselectedfrom N-methyl-2 Insomeembodiments,thestructuralsuporttakesthe pyrolidone,dimethylsulfoxide,tetrahydrofuran,dimethyl formofaporousmembrane,porousbead,otherporous formamide,dimethylacetamide,methylethylketone,and50structure,densemembrane,densebead,scafold,orcombi combinationsthereof. ShapeofPoresinPorousStructure takestheform ofaporousmembrane,porousbead,or Insomeembodiments,theporousstructurehasacon combinationsthereof.Oneexampleofastructuralsuportis nectednetworkofporesthatenableliquidsolutionsto aporousbead,showninFIG.2. penetratequicklyintotheporousstructureanddeliver5 Insomeembodiments,thestructuralsuportisabead lithiumionandhydrogenionstoandfromthecoatedion withanaveragediameterlesthanabout10um,lesthan exchangeparticles,uncoatedionexchangeparticles,and about10um,lesthanabout1mm,lesthanabout1cm, combinationsthereof.Insomeembodiments,theporous orlesthanabout10cm,morethanmorethan10um,more structurehasaconectednetworkofporesthatarestruc than10um,morethan1mm,morethan1cm,fromabout turedtoenablefastinfiltrationbyliquidsolutionstocreate60 1umtoabout10cm,fromabout10um toabout1cm,from liquiddifusionchanelsfromtheporousstructuresurface about10umtoabout1cm,fromabout1mmtoabout1 tothecoatedionexchangeparticles,uncoatedionexchange cm,fromabout0.5mmtoabout1cm,fromabout0.25mm particles,andcombinationsthereof. toabout1cm,fromabout0.25mm toabout100mm,from Insomeembodiments,theporousstructurehasahierar about0.25mmtoabout75mm,fromabout0.25mmto chicalconectednetworkofporeswithadistributionofpore65about50mm,fromabout0.25mm toabout25mm,from sizessuchthattheporenetworkcreatespathwaysbetween about0.25mmtoabout10mm,orfromabout10mmto thesurfaceoftheporousstructureandthecoatedion about1cm.Insomeembodiments,thestructuralsuportis morethanabout90um,ormorethanabout10um.Insome nationsthereof.Insomeembodiments,thestructuralsuportPDF Image | Patent Lithium Extraction with coated ion exchange particles
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)