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US2019/0048483A1 Feb.14,2019 10045]Alithiummetalaccordingtoanembodimentmay ment,lithiumsulfatespodumeneliquorisprovidedfroma beproducedusingacelasshowninFIGS.2-4.InFIGS. reservoirorfedtank,andthelithiumsulfatespodumene 2-4,theelectrolyticcel9includesacathode7,ananode8, liquorisreturnedfromtheelectrolysisceltothereservoir andthelithiumfedsolution,whichisusedaselectrolytein orfedtank.Inanotherembodiment,thelithiumfed theelectrolyticcel9.Theanode8isincontactwiththe solutionisselectedfromthegroupconsistingofalithium lithiumfeedsolution.Alithiumionconductingmembrane2 hydroxidesolution,alithiumhydroxidemonohydratesolu separatestheanodeandcathodecompartments.Thecathode tion,andacombinationthereof,andthelithiumfedsolu 7isimmersedinnon-aqueouscatholyte5,providingapath tioniscirculatedviaapump.Incertainothernon-limiting forlithiumionflowfromthemembrane2tothecathode7. embodiments,thelithiumproducingprocesisconductedas Whenapotentialisapliedacrosstheelectrolyticcel9, abatchproces. electrolysis proceeds and lithium metal builds up on the cathode 7. 10046] Inanon-limitingembodiment,thecathode7is suitableforelectrolysisoflithium,andcomprisesasuitable material that is non-reactive with lithium metal or the catholyte 5. In an embodiment,the cathode 7 can be made from coper.Inanembodiment,theanode8canbemade from titanium orniobium coated with platinum,gold,or ruthenium .In certain other non-limiting embodiments,the anode8canbemadefrom anymaterialthatiscompatible withtheanolyte,suchasconcentratedlithium chloridebrine from salarponds,sulfuricacidliquorfrom oreoperations, and a combination thereof.As ilustrated in FIG.2,an anionicselectivemembrane 2isinsertedbetweenthecath ode7andtheanode8,andonlylithium flowsthroughthe membrane 2. 10047] Inanon-limitingembodiment,alithium chloride brinecontaining1.5-18%lithium oralithium sulfatespo dumeneliquorcontaining1.5-18% lithium canbeutilizedas thelithiumfedsolution6todirectlyproducelithiummetal inanelectrolysiscelusingelectrolysisasshowninthe 10051] Inanon-limitingembodiment,thecelbodycanbe madeofasuitablyrigidmaterialsuchaspolypropylene.The lithium producing processes described herein are not limited inthisregard.Themembraneholder1shalbeelectricaly insulating to prevent electron flow between the anode and cathodecompartments,preventingelectrolysisofthewater basedlithiumfedsolutionwhenaplyingvoltageabove2.5 vdc.Themembrane 2isanelectricalinsulatorwhich only allowslithium ionflow,notelectronflow. [0052] The advantages of producing lithium on-site directlyfromspodumene,brine,orotherliquidconcentrate or leaching agent without transportation or delivery over a substantialdistancearestreamliningthelithium production proces,reducingoperatingcosts,and/orimprovingenergy efficiency in production of lithium . While the process acordingtoanembodimentcouldbeusedforproductionof bulklithiummetal,acordingtoothernon-limitingembodi mentsitismore suitedforaplicationsrequiringtheelec trodepositionofthinlayersofpurelithiummetal(suchasfor lithiated anodes or cathodes in secondary batteries)and the productionofveryhighpuritylithiumproductsandrelated compounds. [0053] Bywayofexampleandnotlimitation,thefolow ingexamplesareilustrativeofvariousmethodsofthe presentdisclosureforproducinglithium directlyfrom a lithiumfedsolutionselectedfromthegroupconsistingof lithium chloride brine, lithium sulfate spodumene liquor, lithium hydroxide,andacombinationthereof.Theprocesses belowareprovidedforexemplificationonly,andtheycanbe modified by the skiled artisan to the necessary extent, dependingonthespecialfeaturesthataredesired. EXAMPLES Example1 [0054] ThecelusedinExample1isshownschematicaly inFIGS.5-6.75mmx50mmx25micronpiecesofcopper reactionsbelow: Lite?Limetal 0->1/202+eorCl?1/C1zte 2Li+20-2Li+O2or2LICITM2Li+Cl2 Cathode: Anode: Total: Inanembodiment,thelithiumchloridebrinecontains4-6% lithium. [0048] In certain other non-limiting embodiments, a lithium hydroxide solution containing 1.5-18 % lithium can beutilizedasthelithium fedsolutiontodirectlyproduce lithiummetalinanelectrolysiscelusingelectrolysisas shown in the reactions below : Lit+e Limetal 0-102te 2Li+20?2Li+O2 Cathode: Anode: Total: werewashedinaconcentratedsulfuricacidsolution.The [049]Acordingtocertainnon-limitingembodiments, sampleswerethenrinsedwithdeionizedwaterthreetimes, electrolysisisperformedataproximately23°C.toproduce lithium(andoxygenorchlorinegasasabyproduct). argonatmosphereglovebox,exchangingtheatmosphereof spentelectrolyteisdischargedviaanoutletofthecelbody, circulatingthroughthecathode(plating)sideofthecel.As andtheoxygenorchlorinegasreleasedbytheanodeis ilustratedinFIG.6,ananionicselectivemembrane14is ventedof.Inanembodiment,lithiumchloridebrineis insertedbetweenthecathode18(copperfilm)andtheanode [050] Inanon-limitingembodiment,thelithium fed theantechamberthreetimes.Thebench flow celshow in solutioniscontinuouslyfedorprovidedintotheelectrolytic FIGS.5-6wassetupwithan8Maqueouslithiumchloride cel9,andthelithiummetaliscontinuouslyproducedatthe solutioncirculatingthroughtheanodesideofthecel,and cathode.Specifically,thelithium feedsolutioniscirculated a1MLiPF6(lithiumhexafluorophosphate)EC(ethylene throughtheelectrolyticcel9viaaninletofthecelbody, carbonate)-DMC(dimethylcarbonate)organicelectrolyte prepared by solar or electric evaporation in an evaporation pond,andthelithiumchloridebrineisreturnedfromthe sampleswerethenloadedintoasampleholderwherethe 12,andonlylithium flowsthroughthemembrane14.The electrolysisceltotheevaporationpond.Inanotherembodi coperwasmasked,alowing16squarecentimetersof and dried with awipe.The sampleswere then loaded into anPDF Image | Patent PRODUCING LITHIUM DIRECTLY FROM LITHIUM FEED SOURCES
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ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |