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US 8,753,594B1 34 bywashingthelithiumaluminateintercalatematrixwiththe washsolution.Incertainembodiments,thelithiumsaltis lithiumchloride. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG.1isanilustrationofoneembodimentofthepresent invention. FIG.2isagraphicalrepresentationshowingtheloading andunloadingofacolumnaccordingtoanembodimentofthe10 presentinvention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION mercury,molybdenum,nickel,silver,gold,thalium,radon, cesium,rubidium,Vanadium,Sulfur,chlorine,andfluorine, althoughitisunderstoodthatotherelementsandcompounds mayalsobepresent.Brinescanbeobtainedfromnatural Sources,suchas,Chileanbrines,Argentineanbrines,Bolivian brines,orSaltonSeabrines,geothermalbrines,seawater, oilfieldbrines,mineralbrines(e.g.,lithiumchlorideorpotas siumchloridebrines),alkalimetalsaltbrines,andindustrial brines,forexample,industrialbrinesrecoveredfromore leaching,mineraldresing,andthelike.Themethodis equallyapplicabletoartificialypreparedbrineorsaltsolu tions,aswellaswastewaterstreams,assumingthatthesalin ityofthesolutionishighenough(forexample,aminimum concentrationofabout14%byweightcommonsalt).Itis understoodthat,incertainembodiments,theexactconcen trationofsaltsuficienttodrivetosorptionoflithiumintothe lithiumaluminateisdependentontheexactspeciesandtheir concentrationspresentinthesolution. Incertainembodiments,thepresentinventioncanbeused inconjunctionwithmeansforfirstremovingsilicafromthe brine.Forexample,incertainembodiments,thepresent brinescontemplatedforusehereincanbetreatedbyknown means,typicalyknownassilicamanagement,tofirstremove silicaand/oriron,priortotherecoveryofanylithium.In certainembodiments,thebrineorlithiumcontainingSolution can be filtered or treated to remove solids or other elements presentpriortotheselectiverecoveryoflithium. Asusedherein,simulatedbrinereferstoasyntheticbrine preparedinanattempttosimulatethebrinecompositionof variousHudsonRanchorothertestwellgeothermalbrines foundintheSaltonSea(Calif.,U.S.).Generaly,thesimu latedbrinehasacompositionofabout260ppmlithium, 63,000 ppm sodium, 20,100 ppm potassium, 33,000 ppm calcium,130ppmstrontium,700ppmzinc,1700ppmiron, 450ppmboron,54ppmsulfate,3ppmfluoride,450ppm ammoniumion,180ppmbarium,160ppmsilicon(reported assilicondioxide),and181,000ppmchloride.Additional elements,suchasmanganese,aluminum,antimony,chro mium,cobalt,copper,lead,arsenic,mercury,molybdenum, nickel,silver,thalium,andVanadium,mayalsobepresentin thebrine. As noted previously, the lithium aluminate intercalate (“LAI)matrixispreparedbymixingalithiumaluminum intercalate(LiCl:Al(OH))withapolymerorplasticmate rial.Typicaly,theLAImatrixincludesamajorportionofa lithiumaluminateintercalate(LAI),preparedaccordingto knownmethods,andaminorportionthatincludespolymeric orplasticmaterialthatservesasabinder.Incertainembodi ments,thematrixincludesatleast75%byweightoftheLAI. Incertainembodiments,thematrixincludesatleast80%by weightoftheLAI,anduptoabout20%byweightofthe plasticmaterial.Inalternateembodiments,thematrix includesatleastabout85%byweightoftheLAIandupto about15%byweightoftheplasticmaterial.Alternatively,the matrixcanincludeatleastabout90%byweightoftheLAI anduptoabout10%byweightoftheplasticmaterial.In certainembodiments,thematrixincludesbetweenabout 85-95%byweightoftheLAI,andbetweenabout5-15%by weightoftheplasticmaterial.Inalternateembodiments,the matrixincludesbetweenabout88-94%byweightoftheLAI, andbetweenabout6-12%byweightoftheplasticmaterial.In anexemplaryembodiment,theLAImatrixincludesabout 90%byweightLAIandabout10%byweightofthepolymer orplasticmaterial. Incertainembodiments,thematrixincludesatleast75% byvolumeoftheLAI.Incertainembodiments,thematrix includesatleast80%byvolumeoftheLAI,anduptoabout Broadly,inoneaspect,methodsforthepreparationof15 novelcompositionsofhighlylithiatedintercalatesoflithium salts,includinglithiumchlorideinanaluminahydrateforthe extractionoflithiumsalts,particularlylithiumhalides,from Solutions and brines that include said lithium salts, are describedherein.Asusedherein,lithiumsaltsincludelithium nitrates,lithiumsulfates,lithiumbicarbonate,lithiumhalides (particularlychloridesandbromides),andacidsalts.Inaddi tion,inanotheraspect,novelmethodsfortheselectiveextrac tionoflithiumhalidesfromsolutionsandbrinesthatinclude saidlithiumhalidesaredescribedherein. Thepresentinvention,incertainembodiments,providesan improvedlithiumaluminateintercalate(LAI)matrixforthe removalandrecoveryoflithiumfromsolutions,particularly geothermalandotherbrines.ThepresentlydescribedLAI matrixadvantageouslyprovidesthemaximumlithiumtoalu30 minumratio,therebyprovidingincreasedcapacityfor removalandrecoveryoflithium.Incertainembodiments,the LAI matrix has a mole fraction of lithium to aluminum of greaterthanabout0.3,preferablyabout0.3.Thehigherratio oflithiumtoaluminummaximizesthenumberoflithium35 sitesavailableinthematrixfortheloadingandunloadingof lithiumfromabrinesolution.Byproducingamaterialthat hasthemaximumlithiumtoaluminumratio,thealuminum hydroxidesubstratecanthenbreakdowntofineparticles,and wilnotexistasasingleintegralmass.Thefineparticles,40 whichstilretainamaximumlithiumtoaluminumratio,can haveanaveragediameteroflesthanabout80um,alterna tivelylesthanabout50lum,alternativelylesthanabout25 um,alternativelylesthanabout10um,alternativelylesthan about5um.Incertainembodiments,theparticulatematter45 hasadiameterofbetweenabout0.1and10um,alternatively betweenabout0.5and8um,alternativelybetweenabout1 and5um.Incertainembodiments,atleastabout50%ofthe particulatematterhasadiameteroflesthanabout2um, alternativelyatleastabout75%oftheparticulatematterhasa50 diameteroflesthanabout2um,alternativelyatleastabout 90%oftheparticulatematterhasadiameteroflessthanabout 2um.Incertainembodiments,theparticulatematterhasa bimodalsizedistribution,whereinthematerialhasafirstpeak distributionofabout50umandasecondpeakdistributionof55 about10um. Asusedherein,brinesolutioncanrefertoasolutionof alkaliand/oralkalineearthmetalsalt(s)inwater,whereinthe concentrationofsaltscanvaryfromtraceamountsuptothe pointofsaturation.Generaly,brinessuitableforthemethods60 describedhereinareaqueoussolutionsthatmayinclude alkalimetaloralkalineearthchlorides,bromides,sulfates, hydroxides,nitrates,andthelike,aswellasnaturalbrines. Exemplaryelementspresentinthegeothermalbrinescan include Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, lithium, 65 strontium,barium,iron,boron,silicon,manganese,Zinc,alu minum,antimony,chromium,cobalt,copper,lead,arsenic, 25PDF Image | Patent SORBENT FOR LITHIUM EXTRACTION
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)