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US 8,753,594B1 78 tureand/orpressuresutilizingahydraulicpres,arolmil,an lithiumsaltswouldpassthroughtheshetorfilmfromthe extruder,orahighshearmixer.Forexample,incertain brinetothelowionicstrengthsolutionbyatunnelingorlike embodiments,thepowdermixturecanbesubjectedtopres suresofatleast3000psi,foratimeperiodofatleast3 minutes.Incertainotherembodiments,thepowdermixture canbesubjectedtoincreasingpresures,forexample,the powdermixturecanfirstbesubjectedtoincreasingpressures mechanism. Incertainembodiments,alithiumionpermeableshetor filmmaypreventcross-contaminationbyothersaltsasonly lithiumsaltscanpassthroughthesheetorfilm. Incertainembodiments,thelithiumionpermeableshetor filmcanfindotheruses,forexample,asamembranefor ofatleast3000psi,anduptoabout10,000psi.Inonespecific embodiment,thepowdermixtureissintered,whereinthe electrolysisorelectrodialysisandthereforeserveasameans powdermixturesubjectedtoapressureofabout3000psifor10 ofextractionandconcentration. 1minute,released,subjectedtoapressureofabout4000psi TheLAI-polymermatrixispreferablyformedofparticles foraminute,released,subjectedtoapressureofabout5000 havingadiameterofbetweenabout0.05and5mm,prefer psiforabout3minutes,released,Subjectedtoapressureof ablylesthanabout2.5mmindiameter,andevenmore about10,000psiforabout3minutes,andreleased.Incertain15 embodiments,duringsintering,thepresscanbeheatedtoa temperatureofgreaterthan100°C.,preferablygreaterthan about200°C.,morepreferablygreaterthanabout300°C.It ispreferedthatthetemperatureduringsinteringbemain tainedatbelowabout250°C.,which,incertainembodi betweenabout0.6and0.8mm. ments,isapproximatelythelimitofthethermalstabilityof Incertainembodiments,otheradditivescanbeaddedtothe theLAI.Theresultingsolidsinteredblockorshetcanthen matrix.Forexample,inoneembodiment,aporeforming bebrokenintolargegranulesutilizingahammerorlike materialcanbeaddedtothematrixmaterialandthen instrumenttoprovideavarietyofdiferentsizedparticles. removedaftermatrixformation.Preferredporeforming Theresultingparticlescanthenbesievedintovariousfrac25 materialscanincludewateroralcoholsolublesalts,suchas tions,suchas,afirstfractionhavingadiameterofbetween calciumcarbonate,lithiumchloride,sodiumchloride, about300and450um,asecondfractionhavingadiameter Sodiumsulfate,sodiumbenzoate,organicmaterialssuchas betweenabout180and300um,andathirdfractionhavinga polyvinylalcohol,Sugars,polyethyleneoxideandcopoly diameterofbetweenabout100and180um.Incertain mers,urea,calciumcarbonate,andtriacetin.Incertain embodiments,particleshavingadiameterofuptoabout100030 embodiments,acalcineddiatomaceousearthandsimilar umcanbeusedinaccordancewiththemethodsdescribed materialmaybeaddedtothematrixtopromotefluidflowand herein,alternativelyparticleshavingadiameterofbetween preventcompactionofthematrixandtheresultantlosof about200and800um,alternativelybetweenabout200and permeability.Theseaditivesaregenerallyaddedbefore,or duringthesinteringproces. Inoneembodiment,awaterbasedpolymerorpolymer 35 Generaly,duringuse,theLAImatrixpreparedaccording 500um,alternativelybetweenabout500and800um. precursorisaddedtoLAIpowderinahighshearagglomera totheabovedescribedprocessiswashedwithapredeter tor,SuchthatSmallparticlesareproduceddirectlythatmay minedamountofwatertoremoveaportionoftheLiClfrom thenbeusedasprepared,orcanbefurtherprocessedby thematrix,therebycreatingvacantsitesthatareavailableto dryingand/orcuringatelevatedtemperatures.Inanother receivelithiumhalidesorotherlithiumsaltsfromabrineor embodiment,LAIpowderismixedwithapolymerbinderthat40 Solution.Forexample,uponexposuretoasolutionorbrine includesoneormoreofanacrylicemulsion,awatersoluble thatincludeslithiumchloride,theLAImatrixcanthenaccept polymer,oranemulsionofaninterpolymerofpolyvinylidine lithiumchlorideions.Theinitialwashwaterpreferably fluorideandacrylic,optionalyincludingatleastonecross includesatleastasmallconcentrationofLiCl.Incertain linkingagent,toformaviscousfluidormass,whichcanthen embodiments,thewashwaterincludesatleast100ppmLiCl. beformedintoparticles,shets,strings,orotherdesired45 Inalternateembodiments,thewashwaterincludesatleast shapes,dried,cured,andoptionalysubjectedtoagranulating 150ppmLiCl.Inyetotherembodiments,thewashwater process. includesatleast200ppmLiCl.Incertainembodiments,the Incertainembodiments,theLAI-polymermatrixcanbe washwatermayincludeasalt,suchasNaCl,KCl,orany pressedinamoldtoformanydesiredshapeorsize.Incertain othersaltornon-ionicsolutethatmaybeadvantageousfora embodiments,theLAI-polymermatrixcanbecuredand50 particularlithiumsaltextractionproces.Typicaly,chlorides formedasashetorlikeshape,Suitableforuseas,for areselectedduetotheirrelativelylowcost,howeveritis example,acartridgefilterwhereinalithiumcontainingSolu understoodthatotherhalidescanalsobeused.Incertain tionispassedoverand/orthroughtheshetfortheextraction embodiments,divalentandtrivalentsaltsareavoided. ofthelithiumcontainingions. AfterthevacantsitesintheLAImatrixhavebeenexposed Inotherembodiments,theLAI-polymermatrixcanbe55 byrinsingwiththewashwater,thevacantsitescanthenbe pressedintoamoldandcuredtoformasheetorfilmthatis loadedwith“new”LiClorotherlithiumsaltsbyexposingthe ment,thelithiumsaltpermeableshetorfilmcanbeplaced60 lithium.AstheLiClinthebrineorsolutioncontactavacant betweentwofluids,whereinthefirstfluidisalithiumcon site,thelithiumionsarecapturedbytheLAImatrixandfil tainingsolutionorbrine,andthesecondfluidisalowionic theexposedvacancies.AftertheLAImatrixissaturatedwith strengthsolution.Thelithiumsaltsfromthelithiumcontain lithiumsalt,forexampleLiCl,theflowofthebrinecanbe ingsolutionorbrinewouldbeintercalatedintothepermeable stoped.ThecapturedLiClcanthenbeunloadedfromthe shetorfilmandwouldpassthroughtothelowionicstrength65 LAImatrixbyagainwashingtheLAImatrixwithwashwater. solutionontheothersideoftheshetorfilm.Withoutwishing Incertainembodiments,asnotedwithrespecttotheinitial tobeboundbyanyspecifictheory,itisbelievedthatthe washwaterabove,thewashwaterincludesasmallamountof permeabletolithiumsalts,butnotporoustothesolution. LAI matrixtothebrineorsolutionthatincludesLiClorother Suchashetorfilmcanbeemployedinavarietyofwaysto lithiumsalts.Incertainembodiments,thebrineorsolution removelithiumfromabrine.Forexample,inoneembodi doesnotincludesaltsthatwilcompetewiththeextractionof preferablybetweenabout0.1and2mmindiameter.Incertain embodiments,theparticleshaveadiameterofbetweenabout 0.1and0.5mm.Alternatively,theparticleshaveadiameterof betweenabout0.2and0.8mm,alternativelybetweenabout 0.2and0.4mm,alternativelybetweenabout0.2and0.6mm. alternativelybetweenabout0.4and0.6mm,oralternativelyPDF Image | Patent SORBENT FOR LITHIUM EXTRACTION
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |