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11 Atpoint16ofFIG.2,thestripsolutionisswitchedbacktothe lithiumcontainingbrineloadingSolutionandanothercycle begins. 12 EXAMPLES Example1 Inoneembodiment,thelithiumaluminatecanbeprepared asfolows.Toanapropriatelysizedmetalorplasticcon tainercapableofbeingheatedtoatemperatureofabout100° C.isaddedandmixedapproximately1kgofunfractionated Alcoaaluminumtrihydrate(Al(OH))andLiOH.H.O.,ina ratioofapproximately2molesofaluminumtoapproximately 1.05molesoflithium,andabout0.8kgofdeionizedwater. Themixtureisheatedinanovenatatemperatureofabout60° C.untilthehydroxideconcentration,asdeterminedbytitra tion,indicatesthatatleastabout93%ofthehydroxidepresent hasreacted.Themixtureisremovedfromheat,cooledto roomtemperatureandapproximately0.8kgofwaterisadded tothemixture.Theresultingmixtureisthenneutralizedusing hydrochloricacidoveraperiodofatleast2hourstoachieve apHofbetweenabout6.5and7.5.Theresultingsolidis filteredanddried. Example2 PreparationofParticulatePVDF/LAI Matrix.Approxi mately1.47gofpolyvinylidenefluoridecopolymer(Ky narflex2821)andapproximately27.56goftheLAIpowder (aspreparedinExample2,above)wereplacedinaplasticjar andmixedusingamechanicalstirer,atincreasinglyhigher speds,1000-5000rpm,overaperiodofaboutfiveminutes. Theresultingmixedmatrixpowderwasplacedinaframe havingtwoTeflonlinedmetalplates.Thepowdermixturein thepresframewasplacedinahydraulicpresandsubjected toapproximately3500psipressureforapproximatelythre minutes,released,subjectedtoapproximately4000psiof pressureforapproximately,released,Subjectedtoapproxi mately5000psiofpressureandatemperatureofabout360° C. for approximately 3 minutes, released, Subjected to approximately10,000psiofpressureandatemperatureof about360°C.forapproximately3minutes,andreleased.The assemblywasthensubjectedtoapproximately3500psiof pressureforabout2-3minutes.Theresultingsinteredblock wasthenbrokenintolargegranulatesusingahammer.The resultinggranulateswereseparatedusingsievesintothre groupsconsistingofafirstgrouphavingadiameterof betweenabout300and450um,asecondfractionhavinga diameterbetweenabout180and300um,andathirdfraction havingadiameterofbetweenabout100and180um. Example3 Approximately70gofa5%solutionofpolyvinylalcohol (“PVA’:Mowiol56-98)wasaddedtoapproximately1.4gof a10%glutaraldehydesolutionandmixedforapproximately 2minutes.Tothepolyvinylalcoholandglutaraldehydesolu tionwasaddedapproximately70gofaLAIpreparedaccord ingtoExample2havinganaverageparticlediameterofles about180umandstiredwithaCowlesbladeatabout600 rpmforabout10-15minutes,untilthemixturethickens,yetis StilreferingtoFIG.2,atpoint12,alithiumrecovery cyclehasbeencompletedandthecolumnisemptyoronlyhas negligiblelithiumcontent,andloadingofthelithiumbegins. Atapproximately1.5BVpriortopoint14,supplyofthe lithiumcontainingbrinesolutiontothecolumnstops.At point14,loadingofthecolumnwithlithiumhasbeencom pleted,andremovalofthecapturedlithiumbegins.Atpoint10 14 of FIG. 2, after approximately 1 bed volume of the “release'solutionhasbeenaplied,theconcentrationofthe lithiumbeingremovedfromthecolumnincreases.Atpoint 16,theconcentrationofthelithiumsaltinthe“release'solu tionbeginstodecrease.Atpoint18ofFIG.2,thecolumnhas beencompletelyunloaded,andtheloadingcycleofthecol umnbeginsagain.Afterpoint16,thecolumnisagainexposed tothebrinesolutionforthecaptureoflithiumions.Asthe columnisexposedtoincreasingVolumesofthebrinesolu tion,thelithiumisloadedontothecolumn.Aftercomplete loadingofthecolumn,atapointthatisapproximately2bed volumesofliquidbeforepoint22onFIG.2,exposuretothe brinesolutionisstoppedandthe“release'solutionisapplied tothecolumn.Atpoint2,thelithiumthathadbeenretained25 onthecolumnisreleased,asshownbytheincreasedlithium productionfromthecolumn.Thus,two“loading and “unloading cyclesofthecolumnhavebeenshown. Incertainembodiments,theLAImatrixiscapableofbeing loadedandunloadedatleast550timeswithoutanoticeable 30 decreaseintheperformanceoftheLAImatrix,whereineach linkedloadingandunloadingofthecolumnisreferedtoasa “cycle.”Thus,incertainembodiments,theLAImatrixis capableofbeingcycledatleast250timeswithoutnoticeable decreaseintheperformanceofthematrix,preferablyatleast35 500timeswithoutanoticeabledecreaseintheperformanceof thematrix,morepreferablyatleast1000timeswithouta noticeabledecreaseintheperformanceofthematrix.Incer tainembodiments,theperformanceoftheLAImatrix,as40 measuredbytheamountoflithiumthatisloadedontothe columnandSubsequentlyreleasedfromthecolumndoesnot varybymorethan10%overthecourseofthecyclingofthe matrix. Incertainembodiments,theLAImatricesprepared45 accordingtothemethodsdescribedhereinarecapableof being cycled at least 3000 cycles without a noticeable decreaseintheperformanceofthematrix,andincertain embodiments,atleastabout6000cycleswithoutanoticeable decreaseintheperformanceofthematrix.Theunexpected 50 increaseinthelifetimeofthematerialsprovidesasignifi cantlygreaterlifetimeofthematerialthanthatofpriorart LAImaterialthatdonotutilizeapolymerfortheformationof thematrix. US 8,753,594B1 15 Inaditiontodemonstratingrepeatedloadingandunload55 ingoftheLAImatrix,withconsistentextractionandrecovery oflithium,thepressuredropacrosstheLAImatrixcolumn wasalsostudied.Asisunderstoodintheart,incertain embodiments,itcanbeadvantageoustooperatetheextrac stilflowable.Tothemixtureisaddedapproximately20gof tioncolumnswithaslowapressuredropasisposible.Ithas60 beendemonstratedthatacolumnthatincludesanextraction materialthatincludesanLAI/polyvinylidinefluoridematrix displayedapressuredropoflesthanabout15psi/mof columnbedover550loadingandunloadingcycles,whichis lesthanthepressuredroptypicalyexhibitedbycolumns 65 that include an LAI material that is not matrixed with a polymermaterial. thesameLAItoformapaste.Hydrochloricacidisadded dropwiseuntilthepHofthemixtureislesthan3.Approxi mately10gofaditionalLAIisaddedwithoutmixingtothe acidifiedpastetoformastifmixture.Themixturewasdried atatemperatureofabout85°C.inanopenatmosphere. Theresultingmixturewasgrounduntilthematrixcon sistedofparticleshavingadiameteroflesthanabout600 um.TheresultingpowderwassievedtoremoveanyparticuPDF Image | Patent SORBENT FOR LITHIUM EXTRACTION
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)