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Membranes 2021, 11, 175 Membranes 2021, 11, 175 7 of 20 crease of the membrane performance in two runs; (b) exponenti◦al approximation of the Initial feed concentration 10 wt.% NaCl, hot circuit temperature 60 C, cold circuit temperature 20 permeate drop by combined first and second runs. Initial feed concentration 10 wt.% NaCl, hot circuit temperature 60 °C, cold circuit temperature 20 °C, d = 3 mm. 3. Results and Discussion ◦ C, d = 3 mm. 3. Results and Discussion 3.1. AGMD-MC Experiments 3.1. AGMD-MC Experiments Figure 4a shows typical experimental permeate fluxes and a decrease of the membrane performFiagnucre o4vaershtiomwes dtyupe itcoalrevxepresribimleeanntadl iprreervmeersaitbeleflfuoxuelsinagn(dhoat dceircrueiatstemofptehreature ◦ becciarcmueit steamtupraetreadtuarefte6r0 ~°C60). Tmhien.inTithiael mfeeoducolencweanstrflatuioshneidn ofourr 3e0xpmerinimaefntetrs w27a0s m10in of thwe te. x%peorfimNeanCtl,(aFnigduirteb4eac)a.mTehseatruercaotvederayftrearti~o60wmasins.imThileamr fodrubleotwhaesxfpluesrhimedenfotsr and 60meCm).bTrahneeinpietirafolrfmeeadncoenocveenrtrtaimtioendiuneotuorrexvpeersribmlenatnsdwiarrse1v0erwsitb.le%fouflNinagC(lh,oatnd it 8 of 21 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 membrane washing 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Time, min (a) (b) Figure 4. Experimental permeate fluxes in AGMD-MC module: (a) decrease of permeate flux before (blue dots) and after (orange squares) membrane washing; (b) exponential approximation of the Figure 4. Experimental performance of AGMD-MC module. (a) permeate fluxes and de- permeate flux, using data obtained before (blue dots) and after (orange squares) membrane washing. amounted to ~99%. The performance drop was approximated exponentially, and the 30 min after 270 min of the experiment (Figure 4a). The recovery ratio was similar resulting equations were used in Simulink (Figure 4b). The same experiments were carried for both experiments and amounted to ~99%. The performance drop was approxi- out with hot circuit temperature 80 ◦C, and the results were similar, only with higher mated exponentially, and the resulting equations were used in Simulink (Figure fluxes; this resulted in a decrease in time before the flushing (120 min instead of 270 min), 4b). The same experiments were carried out with hot circuit temperature 80 °C, and but the flushing duration was intentionally the same (30 min) because we need to flush a the results were similar, only with higher fluxes; this resulted in a decrease in time similar amount of foulants. Performance data at different temperatures were approximated before the flushing (120 min instead of 270 min), but the flushing duration was in- linearly using the first experimental points and taking into account zero flow when the tentionally the same (30 min) because we need to flush a similar amount of foulants. temperatures of the hot and the cold parts of the module are equal (20 ◦C, Figure 5). These Performance data at different temperatures were approximated linearly using the dependencies were used for further simulation in Simulink. first experimental points and taking into account zero flow when the temperatures of the hot and the cold parts of the module are equal (20 °C, Figure 5). These de- pendencies were used for further simulation in Simulink. Permeate flux, kg/m2∙hPDF Image | Process of Lithium Recovery from Geothermal Brine
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