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Membranes 2021, 11, 175 11 of 20 performance due to its scaling/fouling. The decline of the amount of evaporated water (see blue line on Figure 7) in time can be seen during each single membrane run of 4.5 h followed by the periodic stopover for the membrane washing (0.5 h) resulting in the recovery of membrane performance (recovery ratio RF was set as 99% here). At the time of 60,900 min from the beginning of system operation, the washed membrane demonstrated the evaporated water flux at the level of 50% from its initial value, and therefore the membrane module was replaced by the new one instead of washing since the membrane performance threshold parameter was set as 50%. Thus, at the next run starting from the time of 61,170 min, the amount of evaporated water was doubled in contrast to the previous run. Since the water evaporation affected the change of solution composition, the corresponding fluctuation of precipitated sodium chloride in the crystallizer (see orange line on Figure 7) can be noticed. In addition, the system was responded to the increasing concentration of lithium above its predefined level of 2.3 g/kg to feed a larger volume of brine solution to the membrane extractor where lithium ions (see a black line on Figure 7) were recovered with an extraction rate ER(Li+) of 90%. Due to the simplification of the process simulation, the solution was continuously circulated within the system even during the washing or replacement of the membrane module, which explains the continuation of salt precipitation and lithium recovery at the stopovers of membrane module operations. Since the primary focus was given on the membrane module performance, the stopover of crystallization and membrane extraction units for their maintenance rather the deterioration of their performance in time were not considered in this work; and it will be done in further investigations. Figure 7. Change in time of amount of evaporated water, precipitated NaCl and recovered Li+. Simulation conditions: Tf =60◦C,Rt=4h,RR=99%,MPT=50%,S=2.5m2,CF=20,ER(Li+)=90%. 3.3.1. Effect of Membrane Module Performance As mentioned earlier, the goal of this work was to consider the effect of membrane distillation performance on the operation of the whole integrated system. Since the mem- brane was continuously contacted with the nearly saturated saline solution having about the same composition of NaCl, it was assumed that the membrane module demonstrated the same decline of the performance in time regardless of the regime of operation and a prior number of washings. To evaluate the effect of membrane performance, the following parameters were varied: (i) run time before membrane washing RT as 4.5, 10, or 20 h, (ii) recovery ratio of membrane performance after the washing RR as 99, 97, or 95%, (iii) membrane performance threshold MPT, when the membrane module was replaced by the new one, as 50, 40, or 30%. Build-up was defined as a time from the beginning of operationPDF Image | Process of Lithium Recovery from Geothermal Brine
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)