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Processes 2018, 6, x FOR PEER REVIEW 8 of 17 reported for inorganic salts by other researchers [23,24]. This phenomenon can be attributed to a change in nucleation mechanism. At lower supersaturation levels, the driving force of the phase tPrraoncessietsio2n019i,s7,l2o48wer and the nucleation process is easily affected by external particles, so8otfh1e6 heterogeneous nucleation mechanism plays a leading role in the nucleation process. At higher supersaturation levels, the driving force of phase transition is larger. Compared with the spontaneous the nucleation process can be neglected, and thus the homogeneous nucleation mechanism dominates nucleation of solution, the influence of external particles on the nucleation process can be neglected, the nucleation process. and thus the homogeneous nucleation mechanism dominates the nucleation process. Figure 3. Plot of log(tind) versus (logS)â2 for Li2CO3 crystallization. Figure 3. Plot of log(tind) versus (logS)â2 for Li2CO3 crystallization. Mersmann et al. [25] have proposed that for the reactive crystallization of insoluble materials, the Mersmann et al. [25] have proposed that for the reactive crystallization of insoluble materials, transition supersaturation (St) required for homogeneous nucleation should be greater than 2. For the the transition supersaturation (St) required for homogeneous nucleation should be greater than 2. For reactive crystallization of Li2CO3 in our study, the transition supersaturation (St) is not a fixed value. the reactive crystallization of Li2CO3 in our study, the transition supersaturation (St) is not a fixed As can be seen from Figure 3, from 318.15 K to 333.15 K, the transition supersaturation (St) is 3.23, 2.85, value. As can be seen from Figure 3, from 318.15 K to 333.15 K, the transition supersaturation (St) is 2.62, and 2.41, respectively. 3.23, 2.85, 2.62, and 2.41, respectively. According to Equation (9), the nucleation order n can be obtained by fitting ln tind and ln(Ď) using According to Equation (9), the nucleation order đ can be obtained by fitting lnđĄô°¨ô°ô˛¨ and đđ(Ď) a linear function, with the result shown in Figure 4. As can be seen from Figure 4, the test points show using a linear function, with the result shown in Figure 4. As can be seen from Figure 4, the test points a good linear relationship as a whole, and the regression curves are almost parallel to each other under show a good linear relationship as a whole, and the regression curves are almost parallel to each other different temperatures, indicating that the nucleation order is similar under the experimental conditions uPnrodcesrsesd2i0ff1e8r, e6,nxtFtOemR PpEeErRatRuErVeIsE,Windicating that the nucleation order is similar under the experim9enofta1l7 used. From 318.15 K to 333.15 K, the nucleation order is 3.84, 3.68, 3.60, and 3.48, respectively. conditions used. From 318.15 K to 333.15 K, the nucleation order is 3.84, 3.68, 3.60, and 3.48, respectively. Figure 4. Plot of log(t ) versus ln(Ď) for Li CO crystallization. Figure 4. Plot of log(tiind) versus lđ(Ď) for Li2CO3 crystallization. 3.1.3. Identification of Crystal Growth Mechanism The growth-mechanism of Li2CO3 crystals was identified by fitting the experimental induction times from reactive crystallization over a range of temperatures and supersaturations to the expressions of different growth mechanisms. According to a previous study [26], Li2CO3 crystals are rod-like, meaning the value of m is 1. Hence n (mν + 1) can take values of either 3/2 or 2 depending on the value of ν (1/2 or 1). The expressions Fu(S) for different growth mechanisms of Li2CO3 arePDF Image | Reactive Crystallization Process of Lithium Carbonate
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