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Reactive Crystallization Process of Lithium Carbonate

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Reactive Crystallization Process of Lithium Carbonate ( reactive-crystallization-process-lithium-carbonate )

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Processes 2019, 7, 248 12 of 16 Table 7. ANOVA analysis and results with quadratic model of yield. Source Model A–Temperature B–Feeding Rate C–Concentration D–Stirring speed AB AC AD BC BD CD A2 B2 C2 D2 Sum of Squares 922.17 114.84 34.90 355.17 0.20 9.13 54.36 2.28 40.88 0.07 0.20 177.08 26.89 167.32 32.18 Degrees of Freedom 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mean Square F-Value 65.87 4.26 114.84 7.42 34.90 2.25 355.17 22.95 0.20 0.01 9.13 0.59 54.36 3.51 2.28 0.15 40.88 2.64 0.07 0.00 0.20 0.01 177.08 11.44 26.89 1.74 167.32 10.81 p-Value 0.0043 0.0157 0.1540 0.0002 0.9103 0.4544 0.0805 0.7063 0.1249 0.9487 0.9100 0.0041 0.2073 0.0050 0.1699 Table 8. ANOVA analysis and results with quadratic model of particle size. 1 32.18 2.08 Table 8 shows the ANOVA results using the quadratic model of particle size. ANOVA revealed that the model was remarkably significant (p < 0.001) for particle size for the Li2CO3 product, indicating that the developed model was very reliable. As shown in Table 8, linear C exhibited a highly significant effect on particle size and the linear D and quadratic D2 displayed a remarkably significant effect, while for the other factors, the p-values are greater than 0.05, suggesting that these factors are not significant. Among the factors, particle size depended more on stirring speed, followed by concentration, feeding rate, and temperature. The fitted second order polynomial equation of particle size can be expressed as: R(D [4,3]) = 99.35 − 0.30a − 2.52B − 7.92C − 16.26D + 0.36AB + 1.79AC − 1.08AD − 1.64BC + 1.23BD − 0.21CD + 0.14A2 + 0.18 B2 + 3.84C2 + 10.20D2 (22) Source Model A–Temperature B–Feeding Rate C–Concentration D–Stirring speed AB AC AD BC BD CD A2 B2 C2 D2 Sum of Squares 11293.00 2.22 152.51 1505.75 6347.25 2.03 51.48 18.71 43.23 24.26 0.68 0.54 0.87 404.58 2855.42 Degrees of Freedom 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mean Square F-Value 806.64 8.40 2.22 0.02 152.51 1.59 1505.75 15.68 6347.25 66.11 2.03 0.02 51.48 0.54 18.71 0.19 43.23 0.45 24.26 0.25 0.68 0.01 0.54 0.01 0.87 0.01 404.58 4.21 2855.42 29.74 p-Value < 0.0001 0.8812 0.2268 0.0013 < 0.0001 0.8863 0.4753 0.6652 0.5124 0.6225 0.9340 0.9411 0.9254 0.0580 < 0.0001 3.2.3. Response Surface Analysis Based on the equations mentioned above, three-dimensional surface values were depicted to show the influences of the independent variables (temperature, feeding rate, concentration, and stirring speed) on the yield and particle size of Li2CO3 product. The results are shown in Figures 6 and 7.

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