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2 A potentially large, new industry based on using geothermal brines as an energy source is emerging. Extensive research has been carried out during the last cialty glass, synthetic rubber, thermo- decade to develop techniques for using plastic, and primary battery industries. geothermal brines for heating, drying, The United States is the world's primary and generating electricity. Published producer and consumer of lithium minerals research deals with specific industrial and chemicals and supplies three-fourths problems, such as reservoir assessment, of the demand of nonproducing countries scaling, and corrosion, and includes (7). Increasing demand for lithium is Bureau of Mines studies of corrosion in evidenced by the fact that one of the two high-salinity brines (!_~).3 domestic producers recently entered into a partnership to develop a lithium re- Since some of the high-salinity geo- source in Chile. thermal reservoirs represented a po- tential source for byproduct metals Geothermal brines from the Niland and recovery, Bureau of Mines in-house and South Brawley reservoirs of the Imperial contract studies were initiated to eval- Valley contain from 150 to 400 ppm Li. uate the potential of the resource and to Since a 100-MW powerplant, after steam devise techniques for recovering con- recovery, would generate an estimated tained metal values. The studies uti~ 7.5 million lb/h of brine, between 5,750 lized geothermal brines from the Imperial and 15,000 tpy Li could be produced based Valley of California because the res- on 90-pct recovery and 300 24-h days of ervoirs represented the highest metal operation. The resource is capable of contents of the resources under develop- supporting between 1,600 and 5,200 MW ment. One of the contract studies sug- of power generation by the year 2000 (8). gested a total-use concept that proposed Two 20-MW demonstration plants are op- making high-value products on site from erational, and a 50-MW plant is under lower value materials recovered from the construction. brine (3). The concept was incompatible with energy recovery systems being devel- A method for precipitating lithium from oped and was not pursued. Another con- the brines was provided by one of the tract study suggested techniques for pre- contract studies (9). The method em- cipitating Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn from the ployed addition of-aqueous AlCl3 and pH brines as hydroxides (4). An engineering adjustment to precipitate mixed Li-AI study was done to design a demonstration hydrous oxides. The contract was limited plant (5), and a mineral recovery unit to lithium precipitation and did not (MRU) was assembled and operated (i). treat the precipitated lithium. A study Increasing the pH of the brine from 5.5 of lithium recovery from Dead Sea brines to 8.5 by adding 20 pct lime slurry pre- also used aqueous AICl3 addition to pre- cipitated 95 pct of the Fe, Mn, Pb, and cipitate lithium and solvent extraction Zn. The precipitated hydrous oxides were with alcohols to recover the lithium recovered by thickening and filtration. (10). Since the alcohol solvent extrac- Bench-scale evaluations of the precipi- tion method used for Dead Sea brines was tates showed that they contained 55 to 60 inefficient owing to low distribution co- pct water, 20 to 25 pct soluble salts, efficients and high aqueous solubility of and 15 to 20 pct hydrous metal oxides. the extractants, a study was initiated to devise improved methods for recovering a LiCl product. This report presents the 3Underlined numbers in parentheses re- results of the study and a suggested fer to items in the list of references at flowsheet for lithium recovery from a the end of this report. geothermal brine. INTRODUCTION Another metal having potential value is lithium, which is used by the aluminum, air conditioning, ceramics, grease, spe-PDF Image | Recovering Lithium Chloride From a Geothermal Brine 1984
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |