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US 11,365,128B2 12 PROCESS FOR SELECTIVE ADSORPTION AND RECOVERY OF LITHIUM FROM NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC BRINES CROSSREFERENCETORELATED APPLICATIONS a aboutathirdoftheworld'ssuply.TheAtacamainChileis idealforlithiumminingbecausethelithium-containing brinepondsevaporatequickly,andthesolutionisconcen tratedintohigh-gradelithiumproductslikelithiumcarbon 5 ateandlithiumhydroxide.Mininglithiuminthesalarsof ChileandArgentinaismuchmorecost-efectivethanhard rockminingwherethelithiumisblastedfromgranite pegamiteorebodiescontainingspodumene,apatite,lepido lite,tourmalineandamblygonite.Theshalowbrinebeneath ThisaplicationclaimsthebenefitofU.S.Provisional PatentAplicationNo.62/671,489filedonMay15,2018. Thisaplicationisalsoacontinuation-in-partofU.S.patent10theSalardeUyuniinBoliviaisthoughttocontainthe aplicationSer.No.16/010,286filedonJun.15,2018, world'slargestlithiumdeposit,oftenestimatedtobehalfor whichclaimsthebenefitofU.S.ProvisionalPatentApli- moreoftheworld'sresource;however,asof2015,no cationNo.62/520,024filedonJun.15,2017andthebenefit commercialextractionhastakenplace,otherthanapilot ofU.S.ProvisionalPatentAplicationNo.62/671,489filed plant.Theminingoflithiumfrombrineresourcesinthe onMay15,2018.Thisaplicationincorporateseachofthe15"lithiumtriangle”historicalydependsuponeasyacesto foregoingaplicationsbyreferenceintothisdocumentasif largeamountsoffreshwaterandveryhighevaporation fulysetoutatthispoint. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1.FieldoftheInvention 20 rates.Withdecliningavailabilityoffreshwaterandclimate change,theeconomicadvantageofconventionalprocesing techniquesisdisapearing. Fixed-bedandcontinuouscountercurentionexchange (“CCIX”)systemshavebenusedtorecovermetals,suchas nickel(Ni)andcobalt(Co),fromoreleachsolutions.While Thisinventionrelatesgeneralytoaprocesforselective fixed-bedsystemsaregeneralyusedinrecoveryprojects, adsorptionandrecoveryoflithiumfromnaturalandsyn- theyareknowntorequirerelativelylargeamountsofwater theticbrines,andmoreparticulartoaprocesforrecovering25andchemicalsandtheperformanceisgeneralyweakerthan lithiumfromanaturalorsyntheticbrinesolutionbycon- CCIXsystems. a tactingthebrinesolutionwithalithiumselectiveadsorbent UtilizingCCIX-typeequipmentintheadsorptionof usingacontinuouscountercurentadsorptionanddesorption lithiumfrombrineswithlithiumselectiveadsorbentsina (“CCAD”)proces. CCADcircuitwilbringincreasedproceseficiencyversus 2.DescriptionoftheRelatedArt 30clasicalfixed-bedprocesing.Thewaterandreagentefi ciencyofaCCAD circuit/processhouldbeaprefered replacementforevaporationpondsinthebrinemining Seawatercontainsabout0.17mg/kg,andsubsurface operationsinthesalarsof“lithiumtriangle”,savingmilions brinesmaycontainupto4,0mg/kg,morethanfourorders ofacrefetofwaterfromevaporativelos. ofmagnitudegreaterthanseawater.Typicalcomercial35 Itisthereforedesirabletoprovideanimprovedproces lithiumconcentrationsarebetwen200and1,40mg/kg.In forselectiveadsorptionandrecoveryoflithiumfromnatural 2015,subsurfacebrinesyieldedabouthalfoftheworld's andsyntheticbrines. lithiumproduction. TheSaltonSeaKnownGeothermalResourceArea rentadsorptionanddesorptionprocesfortheselective (“SSKGRA")hasthemostgeothermalcapacitypotentialin40recoveryoflithiumfromnaturaland/orsyntheticbrines, theUnitedStates.Geothermalenergy,theharnesingofheat whicharenormalyconsideredeconomicalynon-viable radiatingfromthebeneaththeEarth'scrust,isarenewable usingconventionalmembranes,solventextraction,orfixed resourcethatiscapableofcost-efectivelygeneratinglarge bedarangementsoflithiumselectiveadsorbenttechnolo amountsofpower.Inadition,theSSKGRAhasthepoten- gies. tialtobecomeNorthAmerica'sprimesourcesofalkali45 Itisstilfurtherdesirabletoprovideaprocesforrecov metals,alkalineearthmetalsandtransitionmetals,suchas eringlithiumfromanaturalorsyntheticbrinesolutionby a lithium,potasium,rubidium,iron,zincandmanganese. treatingthebrinesolutionwithalithiumselectiveadsorbent BrinesfromtheSaltonSeaKnownGeothermalResource inaCCIX-typesystemusingaCCADproces. Areaareunusualyhot(uptoatleast390°C.at2kmdepth), Beforeprocedingtoadetaileddescriptionoftheinven hypersaline(upto26wt.%),andmetaliferous(iron(Fe),50tion,however,itshouldbenotedandrememberedthatthe zinc(Zn),lead(Pb),coper(Cu).Thebrinesareprimarily descriptionoftheinventionwhichfolows,togetherwiththe sodium(Na),potasium(K),calcium(Ca)chlorideswithup acompanyingdrawings,shouldnotbeconstruedaslimiting to25percentoftotaldisolvedsolids.Whilethechemistry theinventiontotheexamples(orembodiments)shownand andhightemperatureoftheSaltonSeabrineshaveledtothe described.Thoseskiledinthearttowhichtheinvention principalchalengestothedevelopmentoftheSSKGA,5pertainswilbeabletodeviseotherformsofthisinvention lithiumandotherbrineelementstypicalymaintainhigh withintheambitoftheappendedclaims. comodityvalueandareusedinarangeofindustrialand technologicalaplications. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The“lithiumtriangle”ofChile,ArgentinaandBoliviais whereaproximately75%oftheworld'slithiumcomes60 Ingeneral,inafirstaspect,theinventionrelatestoa from.Chileiscurentlythesecondlargestproducerof procesforselectiverecoveryoflithiumfromafedbrine lithiumcarbonateandlithiumhydroxide,whicharekeyraw solution.Theprocesincludesconcentratingthelithiumin materialsforproducinglithium-ionbateries,behindonly thebrinesolutionbycyclicalyandsequentialyflowingthe Australia.SalardeAtacamaisoneofthehotest,driest, brinesolutionthroughacontinuouscountercurentadsorp windiestandmostinhospitableplacesonEarth,andthe65tionanddesorptioncircuittoformanenhancedlithium largestoperationsareintheshalowbrinebeneaththeSalar productstream,andrecoveringthelithiumfromthe deAtacamadrylakebedinChile,whichasof2015,yielded enhancedlithiumproductstream. ItisfurtherdesirabletoprovideacontinuouscountercurPDF Image | RECOVERY OF LITHIUM FROM NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC BRINES
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)