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Ventura, Bhamidi and Hornbostel The three synthetic brines in Table 1 were prepared from buffer solutions to simulate the pH of geothermal brines. The 0.4 M sodium phosphate solutions were used for the pH 7.2 and 6 buffer, while a 0.1 M acetic acid/sodium acetate solution was used for the pH 5 buffer. The sorbent Li capacity for all the three brines was greater than 10 mg Li/g sorbent, and as high as 16.2 mg Li/ for the brine at pH 7.2. Additional adsorption tests were performed by varying the adsorption temperature and using synthetic brine at pH 5 that contained concentrations of Li, Na, K and Ca comparable to those found in California’s Salton Sea geothermal brines (Table 2). Thus, the brine tested contained 377 mg/L of Li, 57777 mg/L of Na, 14448 mg/L of K and 26766 mg/L of Ca. Even in the presence of high concentration of other metal ions, the sorbent Li capacity was greater than 11mg Li /g sorbent at 70oC with a Li separation coefficient of 3855 compared to Na, 211 compared to K and 119 compared to Ca. When the adsorption process was conducted at 50 oC and 30oC, the lithium capacity of the sorbent was still greater than 10 mg Li/g sorbent with high selectivity. Table 2: Sorbent lithium capacity and separation coefficient in complex brine T (oC) 70 50 30 Li capacity (mg Li/g sorbent) 11.25 10.12 10.16 Li Separation Coefficient Li/Na 3855 3876 1351 Li Separation Coefficient Li/K 211 185 164 Li Separation Coefficient Li/Ca 119 109 136 Brine composition: Li 377 mg/L, Na 57777 mg/L, K 14448 mg/L, Ca 26766 mg/L. Experimental conditions: flow rate 30 BV/hr, pH 5 The sorbent is currently being evaluated for its ability to extract lithium from actual brines and undergo multiple cycles of sorption and regeneration without degradation. 4. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a new hybrid nanocomposite sorbent based on nanostructured hydrous manganese oxide and a Li-imprinted polymer. The sorbent was tested in a flow-through system for its ability to extract lithium in the presence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline earth metals. The kinetics of lithium uptake were found to be fast and lithium sorption was demonstrated in a packed bed column with brine flowing at rates up to 30 BV/hr. The sorbent showed excellent lithium capacity (up to 16.2 mg Li/g sorbent) and high selectivity for Li+ in the presence of high concentrations of Na+, K+, and Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions. Future work will include adsorption/desorption tests using geothermal and other brines to evaluate the sorbent durability over multiple cycles. 5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Geothermal Technologies Office, and by California Energy Commission through the Electric Program Investment Charge (EPIC) program. 6. REFERENCES Branger, C., Meouche, W., Margaillan, A.: Recent Advances on Ion-imprinted Polymers, Reactive and Functional Polymer, 73, (2013), 859-879. Chitrakar, R., Kanoh H., Miyai, Y., and Ooi, K., Recovery of lithium from sea water using manganese oxide adsorbent (H1.6 Mn1.6O4) derived from Li1.6Mn1.6O4, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 40 (2001), 2054. Neupane, G., and Wendt, D.S.: Assessment of Mineral Resources in Geothermal Brines in the US, Proceedings, 42th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (2017). Shi, X., Zhao, D., Zhang, Z., Yu, L., Xu, H., Chen, B., and Yang, X.: Synthesis and Properties of Li1.6Mn1.6O4 and its adsorption application, Hydrometallurgy, 110, (2011), 99-106. Sun, S.-Y., Xiao, J.-L., Wang, J. Song X. and Yu, J.-G.: Synthesis and Adsorption Properties of Li1.6Mn1.6O4 by a Combination of Redox precipitation and Solid-Phase, Ind. Eng.Chem. Res., 29, (2014), 15517-15521. Ventura, S., Bhamidi, S., Hornbostel, M., Nagar, A., and Perea, E.: Selective Recovery of Metals from Geothermal Brines, (2016), Final Report, SRI International (EERE/GTO Contract No. DE-EE0006747). Xiao, G., Tong, K., Zhao, L., Xiao, J., Sun, S., Li, P., and Yu J.: Adsorption and Desorption Behavior of Lithium Spherical PVC-MnO2 Ion Sieve, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 51, (2012), 10921-10929. Xiao, J.-L., Sun, S.-Y., Zhao, L., Song, X., Li, P., and Yu J.: Lithium Ion Recovery from Brines using Granulated Polyacrylamide-MnO2 sieve, Chem. Eng. J., 279, (2015), 659-666. Zandevakili, S., Ranjibar, M. and Ehteshamzadeh, M.: Recovery of lithium from Urmia Lake by nanostructured MnO2 sieve, Hydrometallurgy, 149 (2014) 148-152. 5PDF Image | Selective Recovery of Lithium from Brines
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ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)