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Resources 2022, 11, 89 3 of 12 Raw Material Brine Water Bittern carbonate precipitation process. Then the magnesium-free lithium concentrate is precipi- tated by the sodium carbonate precipitation process [19]. This study aims to investigate the precipitation of magnesium from brine water and bittern using sodium silicate as a precipitating agent with the presence of other ions. It also compares the selectivity of magnesium and lithium ions between brine water and bittern. 2. Materials and Method 2.1. Materials Brine water was taken from Gunung Panjang (Ciseeng Geothermal Field) hot springs without further evaporation. In contrast, the bittern was a liquid by-product of the con- centrated brine water (from the same source) through a two-stage evaporation process. It belongs to the geothermal bicarbonate group. Bicarbonate geothermal fluids are rich in calcium ions, forming thin calcium carbonate deposits known as Travertine [20]. The chemical composition of brine water and bittern is shown in Table 1. Table 1. Chemical Composition of Raw Material of Brine Water and Bittern. Concentration (ppm) Ratio Li Mg Na K Ca B Mg/Li 22.06 475.30 4476 960.50 2127 95.48 21.55 1342 13,527 7574 28,816 24,222 2514 10.08 Previous geological research showed that the anion composition of bicarbonate and chloride was in the range of 903–1776 ppm and 219–208 ppm, respectively [20]. Bittern was produced with a two-stage evaporation process of the same brine water (see Figure 1). The first stage was the evaporation process using electric power by control- ling the process temperature at 40 °C–50 °C. In this first stage, the brine water was evap- orated by 97%. In the prism evaporator’s second stage of solar evaporation, 80% of water was removed. The final product of the prism house evaporator was bittern, NaCl s, and a small portion of MgCl2 salt. Therefore, there was a decrease in the Mg/Li ratio from 21.55 to 10.08. As a precipitant, the sodium silicate solution in this study was prepared by dissolv- ing 70 g of sodium silicate crystals (technical grade, 95%) per liter of water. The chemical composition of sodium silicate solution is shown in Table 2. Table 2. Chemical Composition of the sodium silicate solution. Reagent Concentration Ion (ppm) Si Mg Na K Ca B Sodium Silicate 16,731 18 25,695 189 27 8 The sodium silicate material was selected because it readily reacts with magnesium and calcium ions and does not react with lithium ions at low temperatures.PDF Image | Separation of Magnesium and Lithium from Brine Water
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