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Resources 2022, 11, 89 8 of 12 The precipitation process of bittern (Figure 5a) showed a decrease in the Mg/Li ratio from 10.08 to 0.11 by adding 1.25 sodium silicate. In addition, the water leaching process of the precipitate solid (S2) from bittern decreases the Mg/Li ratio. The water leaching process may dissolve lithium from the solid precipitate S2 to the filtrate. Thus, it reduces the Mg/Li ratio in the filtrate accumulated with water leaching. In the case of brine water (Figure 5b), Mg/Li ratio accumulated with water leaching is higher than without water leaching. It means that in brine water, the water leaching process dissolves a higher amount of magnesium ions than lithium ions. 3.5. The Calcium Ion in Filtrate after Precipitation Process Calcium is another earth alkaline impurity in the bittern and brine water. Its behavior is essential since its content is very high in bittern and brine water. Figure 6a shows that adding sodium silicate decreases calcium ions in the filtrate from only 29% to 71%. With the addition of the water leaching process, the accumulated calcium ion decreases to only 18%, leaving 82% in the filtrate. Removing calcium from the bittern by sodium silicate precipitation is very difficult; its concentration in the bittern can only be reduced by about 30% (70% is still in the filtrate) with the addition of a 1.25 mole fraction of sodium silicate. Figure 6. Comparison of concentration ratio in the filtrate (F1) after precipitation process (dashed line) and water leaching filtrate (F2) (solid line) of (a) bittern and (b) brine. On the other hand, the sodium silicate precipitation process in brine water (Figure 6b) removes calcium ions up to 99%, from 2127 ppm to 4 ppm, by adding a 1.25 mole fraction of sodium silicate. With a low level of calcium ions, travertine (CaCO3) gel for- mation can be avoided. 3.6. Concentration of Other Elements in the Filtrate after Precipitation Figure 7 shows the comparison of ions elements recovery in the filtrate at the maxi- mum removal of magnesium ion in bittern and brine water with the addition of a 1.25 mole ratio of sodium silicate with magnesium. The accumulation of lithium in brine water obtained recovery reached 78% compared with in bittern which was only 22%. Separating magnesium in brine water and bittern showed very low results: bittern had 0.2% remain- ing, and brine water had 0.36% magnesium remaining in the filtrate (F1) (Figure 7).PDF Image | Separation of Magnesium and Lithium from Brine Water
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)