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Resources 2022, 11, 89 11 of 12 larger than Mg and Ca elements in the solid mapping results. The solid resulting from the sodium silicate precipitation in the bittern has a more complex bond, making lithium more easily precipitated. These complex bonds tend to be more easily formed between magne- sium and lithium ions than calcium ions with lithium. Therefore, the solids resulting from the sodium silicate precipitation process in bittern tend to form complex bonds more easily. Figure 9 shows the morphology of bittern (Figure 9a) and brine water (Figure 9b) solid precipitates. The solid precipitate of the bittern (Figure 9a) shows a relatively bigger size with irregular lumps indicating the presence of a gel. Meanwhile, in the brine water deposit (Figure 9b), the grain size is smaller and regular, indicating the absence of gel clumps. There is no needle-like structure observed in the particles. Figure 9. The Morphology of the solid product after the precipitation process (S1) (a) bittern and (b) brine water. 4. Conclusions The recovery of lithium in the precipitation process in brine water reaches 78–80%, while in bittern, it is 20–35% with the addition of 1.25 mol of sodium silicate. The addition of a 1.25 mole ratio of sodium silicate with magnesium effectively reduced the magnesium ion concentration in the filtrate by more than 95% in bittern and brine water. In addition, the Mg/Li ion ratio was reduced from 10.08 to 0.11 in bittern and from 21.55 to 0.64 in brine filtrate. The water leaching process on wet solids from bittern and brine water can increase lithium recovery in the filtrate. However, water leaching may dissolve magne- sium again from solid precipitate into the filtrate without reducing the selectivity of the filtrate product. The precipitation process using bittern produced more complex lithium compounds with the phases of Li2MgO4SiLi2(MgSiO4) and LiMg4Na3O30SiO12, while the precipitation products from brine water mostly contain CaOMgOSi2O5 (Diopside) and LiCl. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, methodology, writing—original draft preparation, E.S.; writing—review and editing, funding acquisition, supervision, resources, S.H.; writing—review and editing, funding acquisition, supervision, resources, L.H.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research was funded by Universitas Indonesia PUTI Doktor Grant No. NKB- 692/UN2.RST/HKP.05.00/2020. Acknowledgments: Authors thank Akmal Fagih and Syafiq Hibbatulloh for their assistance in ad- ditional experiments. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.PDF Image | Separation of Magnesium and Lithium from Brine Water
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