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Coatings 2021, 11, 854 5 of 13 3. Results 3.1. Morphology, Size, and Stability of Small Particle Size MIL-121 Figure 1 shows the PXRD of the small particle size MIL-121 obtained under different conditions in the Section 2.4. The samples obtained under the reaction temperatures of 80, 90, and 100 ◦C were named as MIL-121-80 ◦C, MIL-121-90 ◦C, and MIL-121-100 ◦C respectively. The position and intensity of the characteristic peaks of the PXRD patterns were all in line with the standard card of MIL-121 and previously reported pattern [42]. The structure of MIL-121 obtained by low-temperature hydrothermal method at 80 ◦C with excess ligand and sodium hydroxide was confirmed in the Section 2.3. The PXRD analysis result indicates that all the samples obtained under different reaction conditions have the same crystal form, which demonstrates that the addition of sodium hydroxide promoted the synthesis of MIL-121. With an increase in the reaction temperature from 80 ◦C to 100 ◦C, the intensity of PXRD characteristic peak increases. It indicated that the crystallinity is improved with an increase in reaction temperature. The crystal face index was obtained from the corresponding crystallographic information file of the PXRD data peak-fitting result (Table S1, Supplementary Materials). In addition, the infrared peaks and Raman peaks of the crystal products obtained under different synthesis conditions are the same (Figure S3a,b, Supplementary Materials), which means that the samples generated under different conditions are all MIL-121. Figure 1. PXRD patterns of MIL-121-ligand excess, MIL-121-80 ◦C, MIL-121-90 ◦C, MIL-121-100 ◦C. Figure 2a–d shows the SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) results for MIL-121 prod- ucts under different reaction conditions. All products present the same morphology of regular polyhedron. The length to diameter ratio (LDR) of the products are slightly different. The LDR for the products crystallized under excessive ligands is less than 4, indicating the rapid growth of the (111) crystal plane (Figure 2a,b). The products crystallized with the ad- dition of sodium hydroxide have smooth surfaces, blunt edges, and complete appearance. From MIL-121-80 ◦C to MIL-121-100 ◦C, the length of the products increased from 1.2 μm to 3.5 μm. The particle size of MIL-121 was mainly affected by the synthesis temperature. In addition, the particle size of the product obtained with excess ligand at the synthesis temperature of 80 ◦C was smaller, but with lower yield about 10 mg. At the same synthesis condition, the yield was improved to 0.52 g by adding 1 mL NaOH aqueous solution with concentration of 4 mol/L. Obviously, sodium hydroxide accelerates the coordination reaction rate between the metal ion and the carboxylic acid ligand. The average particle size, median particle size, and coefficient of variation of the prod- uct are shown in Table S2 (Supplementary Materials). With an increase in the hydrothermal synthesis temperature from 80 to 100 ◦C, D50 (median diameter) of the products increased from 2.15 to 3.94 μm. This was consistent with the SEM results. The coefficient of varia- tion (C.V.) data confirmed that the particle size distribution has gradually widened with increased temperature. The particle size distribution of the product nearly conforms to a normal distribution (Figure S4, Supplementary Materials). The products crystallizedPDF Image | Small Particles for Lithium Adsorption from Brine
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ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)