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Saturday, April 25, 2020 uptake by US car buyers and on-going subdued demand in Europe (with a few pockets of exception, like Norway). Then the crisis hit and we can see no reason to expect China to be any stronger than it was in 2019. Even worse though is that the tumbling oil price has put the low cost of that power source into the balance against the much higher upfront purchase cost of EVs. The “green” alternative has come out lacking. We would thus posit that the crisis and its after effects have put EV adoption maybe 3-5 years behind schedule in Europe and maybe 5-8 years behind schedule in the US. On top of this European governments that might have been expected to offer incentives for adoption, or at least aided in charging infrastructure provision, have seen their budgets blown to smithereens by the effects of the virus crisis and it will be very difficult to demand the level of EV penetration by 2030 that has previously been mooted when surging unemployment and crushed GDP growth are devastating personal incomes. Thus we do not see a rebound in lithium prices for several years and we see most hard-rock (spodumene) projects being shelved and only very selective development of brine projects. The projects that shall move forward are because they are part of the vertical integration strategies of major players (most notable Japanese and Korean). With such a scenario evolving there is still scope for new production a few years out and those projects that are scalable should fare better than those that are inflexible in the “bigness”. Spodumene obviously suffers due to its large capex component, while salares are amenable to gradual augmentation, the time delay to end-product (through evaporative processes making them less nimble). One option might be brines that are not dependent upon evaporative processes and that can be turned on and off just like one can with an oilfield. These are the unconventional options in lithium production. In this review we shall look at several modes of unconventional brine extraction and associated technology. Oilfield Brines Petrolithium is lithium derived from petroleum brine, the mineral-rich salt solution that is brought to the surface during oil & gas production and exploration. Oil companies have traditionally managed petroleum brine as a waste product, usually by reinjecting the brine back into the ground for enhanced oil recovery or disposal. A small percentage is also used for "beneficial reuse," which can include production of drilling fluids, irrigation or dust/ice control. In recent years, several companies have explored technologies to extract the minerals that are found in petroleum brines, including lithium, silicon, magnesium and potassium. Additionally, technologies have evolved to reduce the processing time of such minerals from brine. The improving technology potentially enables profitable lithium production from lower concentration petroleum brines. Capitalizing on advanced filtration technology and existing petroleum well infrastructure, some Hallgarten & Company +44 795 08 53 621 Page 2PDF Image | Unconventional Lithium from Brine
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |