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Saturday, April 25, 2020 petroleum-producing geologic formations in North America have come into focus for their lithium production potential. In the U.S., lithium bearing brines have been identified in Texas, Arkansas, North Dakota, Wyoming, and Oklahoma while in Alberta in Canada is also drawing attention. The highest concentrations have been identified in the Smackover Formation in Arkansas. Case in Point: Arkansas’ Smackover Formation The Smackover formation in southern Arkansas is one of the largest and the most promising of several unconventional resources in the United States with the potential for economically recovering lithium. The geology and chemistry of the Smackover formation is well-known with sampling data going back decades. Geologically speaking, the region is characterized by an extensive porous and permeable limestone aquifer that hosts large volumes of mineral-rich brines and hydrocarbons. This natural and well-defined porosity allows for the production and re-injection of large volumes of brine. The brine is known to contain significantly elevated levels of lithium, typically ranging from 150 to 500 mg/L. Southern Arkansas is one of North America’s largest brine production and processing regions, according to Arkansas Oil and Gas Commission data. The region has an average annual production of 9.4 billion gallons of brine primarily for the production of bromine. Arkansas is the source of about a quarter of the world’s supply. It’s produced by two chemical companies, Albemarle (incidentally one of the old Lithium “cartel”) and LANXESS (ETR:LXS), in and around the towns of Eldorado and Magnolia. The source of lithium in the Smackover has yet to be verified. The brine in the Smackover is assumed by some to have originated from seawater that was deposited simultaneously with the sediments. However, in his 1976 paper for the USGS, Collins noted that many ions were either enriched or depleted in the Smackover as would be typical of seawater’s natural precipitation and evolution. Thus, considerable alteration in the brine must have occurred. Collins (1976) proposed that the lithium presence could be a result of the continental drainage of lithium-enriched solutions into the sea. He also proposed that the source of lithium stems from Triassic age volcanic rocks in the Gulf coast: continental water from springs or other hydrothermal fluids along the Mexia-Talco fault system could have leached lithium from Triassic age volcanic rocks. These lithium- enriched fluids then drained into the Smackover Sea and the water was then concentrated by evaporation. This hypothesis is in agreement with the relative decrease in sea level occurring along the Gulf Coast in the late Jurassic period. He also offers that bitterns from the Louann Salt probably mixed with the Smackover brines to create some of the deviations from characteristic seawater. Research on the Potential The U.S. Geological Survey National Produced Waters Geochemical Database was utilized in research by Pamela Daitch (at University of Texas – Austin) to identify lithium-rich brine from wells across the U.S. The volume and concentration potential of the most promising lithium-enriched geologic formations Hallgarten & Company +44 795 08 53 621 Page 3PDF Image | Unconventional Lithium from Brine
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)