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Glossary A Alkali: A basic substance (the opposite of an acidic substance) such as a hydroxide or car- bonate of an alkali metal (commonly sodium or potassium). Anion: A negative ion. In anion-mobile fuel cells, anions move through the electrolyte toward the anode. Anode: One of two terminals (electrodes) in a fuel cell or battery. In a fuel cell, it is where the fuel reacts and releases electrons. F Fuel cell: A device for generating electricity by chemically combining a fuel (commonly hydrogen) and oxygen. H Hydrogen: A nonmetallic chemical ele- ment, normally a gas, composed of one proton and one electron. It is the fuel for most fuel cells. I Inverter: A device for converting direct cur- rent electricity to alternating current electricity. Ion: An atom or group of atoms that carries a positive or negative electric charge as a result of having gained or lost one or more electrons. C Carbonate: An electro-negative part of a compound. Composed of carbon and oxygen. Catalyst: A substance that initiates a chemi- cal reaction and enables it to proceed but is not affected by the reaction. Cathode: One of two terminals (electrodes) in a fuel cell or battery. In a fuel cell, it is where oxygen combines with hydrogen ions and electrons to produce water. Cation: A positive ion. In cation-mobil fuel cells, cations move through the electrolyte toward the cathode. Coal gas: A fuel gas produced from coal. Its average composition, by volume, is 50 per- cent hydrogen, 30 percent methane, 8 percent carbon monoxide, 4 percent other hydrocar- bons, and 8 percent carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen (Nelson, 1965). Combustion: An act or instance of burning or oxidation accompanied by the generation of light and heat. K Kilowatt: tric power. M Matrix: A framework within which some- thing else functions. Molten carbonate: In one type of fuel cell, a molten electrolyte that consists of carbon, oxygen, and another element, such as sodium, potassium, lithium, or magnesium. Megawatt: 1,000,000 watts—a measure of electric power. N Natural gas: Hydrocarbons that exist as a gas or vapor, usually consisting of methane and lesser amounts of propane and ethane. D Direct fuel cell: A type of fuel cell in which a hydrocarbon fuel is fed directly to the fuel cell stack; an external reformer to generate hydrogen is not required. E Electrochemistry: A science that deals with the relation of electricity to chemical changes and with the interconversion of chemical and electrical energy. Electrode: An electrical terminal (anode or cathode) that conducts an electric current into or out of a battery or fuel cell. Electrolysis: The producing of chemical changes by the passage of an electric current through an electrolyte. Electrolyte: One or more chemical com- pounds that conduct ions from one electrode to the other inside a battery or fuel cell. Electron: An elementary subatomic particle that carries a negative electrical charge. 1,000 watts—a measure of elec- Glossary 9PDF Image | An Introduction to Fuel Cells
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