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Energies 2020, 13, 5198 11 of 11 References 1. Kamarudin, S.; Achmad, F.; Daud, W.R.W. Overview on the application of direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) for portable electronic devices. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2009, 34, 6902–6916. [CrossRef] 2. Munjewar, S.S.; Thombre, S.B.; Mallick, R.K. Approaches to overcome the barrier issues of passive direct methanol fuel cell—Review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2017, 67, 1087–1104. [CrossRef] 3. Oliveira, V.; Pereira, J.P.; Pinto, A. Effect of anode diffusion layer (GDL) on the performance of a passive direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2016, 41, 19455–19462. [CrossRef] 4. Ong, B.; Kamarudin, S.; Masdar, M.; Hasran, U. Applications of graphene nano-sheets as anode diffusion layers in passive direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2017, 42, 9252–9261. [CrossRef] 5. Falcão, D.; Pereira, J.P.; Rangel, C.M.; Pinto, A. Development and performance analysis of a metallic passive micro-direct methanol fuel cell for portable applications. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2015, 40, 5408–5415. [CrossRef] 6. Zago, M.; Casalegno, A.; Bresciani, F.; Marchesi, R. Effect of anode MPL on water and methanol transport in DMFC: Experimental and modeling analyses. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2014, 39, 21620–21630. [CrossRef] 7. Wu, Q.; Zhao, T.; Chen, R.; Yang, W. Effects of anode microporous layers made of carbon powder and nanotubes on water transport in direct methanol fuel cells. J. Power Sources 2009, 191, 304–311. [CrossRef] 8. Yuan, T.; Zou, Z.; Chen, M.; Li, Z.; Xia, B.; Yang, H. New anodic diffusive layer for passive micro-direct methanol fuel cell. J. Power Sources 2009, 192, 423–428. [CrossRef] 9. Oliveira, V.; Falcão, D.; Rangel, C.M.; Pinto, A. Water management in a passive direct methanol fuel cell. Int. J. Energy Res. 2012, 37, 991–1001. [CrossRef] 10. Li, X.; Faghri, A.; Xu, C. Water management of the DMFC passively fed with a high-concentration methanol solution. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2010, 35, 8690–8698. [CrossRef] 11. Park, Y.-C.; Kim, D.-H.; Lim, S.; Kim, S.-K.; Peck, D.-H.; Jung, D.-H. Design of a MEA with multi-layer electrodes for high concentration methanol DMFCs. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2012, 37, 4717–4727. [CrossRef] 12. Wu, Q.; An, L.; Yan, X.; Zhao, T. Effects of design parameters on the performance of passive direct methanol fuel cells fed with concentrated fuel. Electrochim. Acta 2014, 133, 8–15. [CrossRef] 13. Zainoodin, A.; Kamarudin, S.; Masdar, M.; Daud, W.R.W.; Mohamad, A.; Sahari, J. High power direct methanol fuel cell with a porous carbon nanofiber anode layer. Appl. Energy 2014, 113, 946–954. [CrossRef] 14. Yuan, T.; Yang, J.; Wang, Y.; Ding, H.; Li, X.; Liu, L.; Yang, H. Anodic diffusion layer with graphene-carbon nanotubes composite material for passive direct methanol fuel cell. Electrochim. Acta 2014, 147, 265–270. [CrossRef] 15. Yuan, W.; Zhou, B.; Hu, J.; Deng, J.; Zhang, Z.; Tang, Y. Passive direct methanol fuel cell using woven carbon fiber fabric as mass transfer control medium. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2015, 40, 2326–2333. [CrossRef] 16. Yan, X.; Gao, P.; Zhao, G.; Shi, L.; Xu, J.; Zhao, T. Transport of highly concentrated fuel in direct methanol fuel cells. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2017, 126, 290–295. [CrossRef] 17. Piela, P.; Fields, R.; Zelenay, P. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Diagnostics. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2006, 153, A1902. [CrossRef] 18. Pinto, A.M.; Oliveira, V.B.; Falcão, D.S. Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells for Portable Application; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2018; ISBN 9780128118498. 19. Braz, B.; Moreira, C.; Oliveira, V.; Pinto, A. Effect of the current collector design on the performance of a passive direct methanol fuel cell. Electrochim. Acta 2019, 300, 306–315. [CrossRef] 20. Braz, B.; Oliveira, V.; Pinto, A. Experimental studies of the effect of cathode diffusion layer properties on a passive direct methanol fuel cell power output. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2019, 44, 19334–19343. [CrossRef] 21. Oliveira, V.; Rangel, C.M.; Pinto, A. One-dimensional and non-isothermal model for a passive DMFC. J. Power Sources 2011, 196, 8973–8982. [CrossRef] © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).PDF Image | Anode Diffusion Layer Properties on Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
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