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Energies 2010, 3 1501 hydroxide ions. This ionic flow is in the reverse direction to that in proton conducting systems. As such, the direction of the electro-osmotic drag is reversed, reducing alcohol crossover [21]. In this study, we review recent developments in the field of direct alkaline alcohol fuel cells. We discuss progress in understanding the reaction mechanisms of fuel oxidation and oxygen reduction in alkaline media, and the recent catalyst development for alcohol oxidation and oxygen reduction. Moreover, the development of anion exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cell applications is presented. Finally, fuel cell performance using different alcohols is compared. 2. Principles and Mechanisms of a Direct Alkaline Alcohol Fuel Cell (DAAFC) Compared to the use of hydrogen in fuel cells, liquid alcohol fuels are easy to store and transport. The direct oxidation of alcohol will also eliminate a heavy reformer needed to produce hydrogen from liquid or gaseous carbonaceous fuels. Figure 1 shows a schematic principle of a direct methanol alkaline fuel cell with a mixture of methanol, water and sodium hydroxide circulating in the anode, and oxygen in the cathode. Figure 1. Schematic diagram of direct methanol alkaline fuel cell. On the anode, methanol is oxidised to carbon dioxide and electrons are produced, while on the cathode side, oxygen accepts electrons and is reduced to produce hydroxide ions. Hydroxide ions then transfer through the electrolyte to the anode. The reactions and thermodynamic potentials [vs. standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)] on each electrode are shown below: Anode oxidation: Cathode reduction: Overall reaction: CH3OH + 6OH−→6e− + CO2 + 5H2O E°= −0.81 V (2) 3/2O2 + 3H2O + 6e− →6OH− E°= 0.40 V (3) CH3OH + 3/2O2→CO2 + 2H2O E°= 1.21 V (4)PDF Image | Aspects of Direct Alkaline Alcohol Fuel Cells
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