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Energies 2010, 3 1511 An attraction of these solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) is that the Na+ ion form of Nafion offers much greater stability than currently available OH− ion (anion) conducting membranes. However, the disadvantage of the Na+ ion form of Nafion is that the ionic conductivity is much lower than that of the H+ ion form of Nafion, and anion conducting membranes for OH−. This is determined by mobility of ions. The mobility of Na+ in water solution is seven times lower than that of H+ and four times lower than that of OH-. The internal resistance of the cell as measured by high frequency AC impedance was 0.47 Ω [101]. This value is much higher than that with H+ form Nafion, whose value is around or lower than 0.05 Ω [100]. Thus there will be a compromise between ionic conductivity and electrocatalyst activity at both anode and cathode. These factors affect the membrane, membrane-catalyst layer interface and the bounded electrocatalyst layers. Figure 3. Schematic diagram of DMAFC with cation exchange membrane and incorporating an electrolyte circulating layer in the cathode compartment [101]. Catalyst layer NaOH circulation Na+ Anode CH3OH, NaOH O2 Cathode OH- 4.2. Anion Exchange Membranes (AEM) Gas diffusion layer NaOH circulation Cation exchange membrane Use of OH- conducting membranes or anion exchange membranes (AEM) can improve ionic conductivity and the fuel cell performance compared to use of CEMs. AEMs are solid polymer electrolyte membranes that contain positive ionic groups (e.g., quaternary ammonium (QA) functional groups such as poly—N+Me3) and mobile negatively charged anions (e.g., usually OH−). Some commercially available AEMs have been used for DAAFC applications. MORGANE®-ADP membranes from Solvay, S.A. were used as the solid polymer electrolyte for DMAFCs in several studies, which were normally used for salt electrodialysis [21,99,100,103]. Encouraging fuel cellPDF Image | Aspects of Direct Alkaline Alcohol Fuel Cells
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