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Capturing and Utilizing CO2 from Ethanol: Adding Economic Value and Jobs to Rural Economies and Communities While Reducing Emissions recommended in a previous Work Group paper), can improve the feasibility of carbon capture and CO2 pipeline infrastructure deployment. Federal policies currently under consideration in Congress, and endorsed by the Work Group, could help foster such deployment. For example, pending bills to extend and reform the federal 45Q tax credit— the FUTURE Act, S. 1535, in the U.S. Senate and the Carbon Capture Act, H.R. 3761, in the U.S. House— would provide credit values of $35 per MT for CO2 stored through EOR and $35 or $50 per MT stored through saline storage.15 Passage of this legislation could enhance a typical ethanol plant’s ability to capture carbon and participate in EOR markets, and potentially to capture and store CO2 in saline formations as well. At the state level, low-carbon fuels policies such as California’s LCFS have the potential to drive broader carbon capture and CO2 pipeline development in the ethanol industry. Currently, carbon credit prices of around $80 per MT in the state’s LCFS market would make the capture and storage of CO2 from fermentation economically attractive for those producers selling ethanol into the California market, but only if the current rulemaking being undertaken by the California Air Resources Board (ARB) establishes a regulatory framework conducive to commercial participation by the industry (a more detailed discussion of the California LCFS occurs later in this paper). Technical Evaluation of the Ethanol Opportunity Coinciding with the writing of this paper, research team members are engaged in an ongoing collaboration with the Kansas Geological Survey as part of a DOE-funded CarbonSAFE project. An economic analysis of CO2 capture, compression, and pipeline transportation from Midwestern ethanol plants was conducted by GPI and Improved Hydrocarbon Recovery, LLC (IHR). The analysis considered a 15 The FUTURE Act in the Senate would increase the value of the 45Q tax credit from the current $10 per MT of CO2 for EOR storage and $20 per MT for saline storage to $35 and $50 per ton, respectively. By contrast, the Carbon Capture Act in the U.S. House would increase the credit value uniformly to $35 per MT for all types of geologic storage. Figure 5: Biofuel Carbon Capture Grows with CO2 Payment 10 plants 3 sites $30 $60 $90 Page 16 Prepared by the State CO2-EOR Deployment Work Group Plants Participating CO2 Pipeline (Kilometers) 693 kilometers 2,168 MGY 20 sites 106 plants kilometers 10,657 MGY 11,320 kilometers 13,745 MGY Injection Sites Biofuel with CSS (Million Gallons per Year) Source: D.L. Sanchez, N. Johnson, S. McCoy, P.A. Turner, K.J. Mach. “Near-term deployment of carbon capture and storage from biorefineries in the United States” Manuscript in preparation. variety of scenarios for capture and transportation of large CO2 volumes in the Midwest and Central Plains. Two of these scenarios are presented here as a case study. The second scenario is a regionwide pipeline network to carry CO2 from ethanol production across the Upper Midwest and Central Plains. This pipeline network follows one of the Work Group’s previously- recommended CO2 pipeline corridors. In the first scenario, a pipeline network (Figure 6.1) would transport 4.3 million MT of CO2 per year from Nebraska ethanol plants into Kansas oilfields for EOR at a projected cost of $42 to $53 per MT. This could increase Kansas oil production by 10 million barrels 6, 865 157 plants 3 2 sites Carbon Payment ($/ton CO2)PDF Image | Capturing and Utilizing CO2 from Ethanol
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