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Capturing and Utilizing CO2 from Ethanol: Adding Economic Value and Jobs to Rural Economies and Communities While Reducing Emissions per year (a 28 percent increase).16 In the second scenario, a larger pipeline network (Figure 6.2) would gather 9.85 million MT of CO2 annually and link Upper Midwestern ethanol plants to an existing CO2 pipeline network in the Permian Basin of Texas and New Mexico at a projected cost of $47 to $60 per MT. The costs in this study include both capital and operating expenses for capture and compression at the ethanol plants, as well as for CO2 pipeline construction and operation. Although the range of estimated costs of $42 to $60 per MT across both scenarios is not competitive with the current West Texas CO2 market for EOR, financial incentives such as the proposed 45Q tax credit ($35 per MT), credit generation in California’s LCFS, and revenues from the sale of CO2 to EOR producers would present economic opportunities that may justify investment in the deployment of capture and pipeline infrastructure to serve ethanol plants. CO2 Pipeline Assumptions and Cost Model GPI and IHR utilized the National Energy Technology Laboratory’s (NETL) CO2 Transport Cost Model17, modified by GPI for this application, to calculate detailed breakdowns of capital and operating costs of CO2 pipelines in two scenarios.18 A detailed description of the methodology and assumptions can be found in the Appendix. Scenario 1: Fifteen Nebraska and Kansas ethanol plants to Kansas oilfields An efficiently planned, regional-scale pipeline system would connect 15 of the larger ethanol plants in Nebraska and Kansas and transport CO2 to multiple oilfields in Kansas. A primary trunk line runs from Blair, NE, through Columbus, NE, down to the Huffstutter oilfield in Kansas, then further southwest to the Pleasant Prairie field area of Kansas. Ethanol plants are connected to the trunk through feeder lines, resulting in a total pipeline network length of 737 miles. Aggregating the 15 plants’ yields, a total capacity of 1,575 million gallons per year (MGY) of ethanol 16 Martin Dubois, Kansas CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery History and Potential, presented at CCUS in Kansas, Wichita KS, September 21, 2017. 17 Timothy Grant & David Morgan, National Energy Technology Laboratory. FE/ NETL CO2 Transport Cost Model. DOE/NETL-2014/1667. July 11, 2014. 18 Martin Dubois, Dane McFarlane and Tandis Bidgoli, CO2 Pipeline Cost Analysis Utilizing and Modified FE/NETL Cost Model Tool, poster presented at the Carbon Storage and Oil and Natural Gas Technologies Review Meeting, Pittsburgh PA, August 3, 2017. would yield CO2 production of about 4.3 million MT net CO2 per year, assuming 90 percent of gross CO2 is captured. Calculated minimum pipeline diameters ranged from four inches for feeder lines to 12 inches for the trunk line. Pipeline costs determined by the NETL CO2 Transport Cost model are a $642 million capital investment and $16 million in annual operating expenses. An additional $364 million is required for capital equipment at ethanol plants as well as $37 million in annual operating expenses for capture. This results in a total capital investment of about $1 billion and annual expenses of $53 million. Assuming a 10 percent cost of capital, the investment requires a CO2 price of about $42 per MT, while a 15 percent return on investment requires a CO2 price of about $53 per MT. Scenario 2: Large scale Midwestern pipeline network to Permian Basin To capture the full potential of CO2 capture from Central Plains and Upper Midwestern ethanol and maximize economic opportunities for the biofuels and EOR industries, and for large-scale carbon management, an even larger scale, multistate pipeline network is necessary. The second scenario considers a pipeline network designed to connect 34 of the largest ethanol plants throughout the region with feeder lines along a trunk pipeline that would link up with existing pipelines in the Permian Basin. The 34 ethanol plants considered here could produce 9.85 million MT of net CO2 per year (90 percent of gross) and would require about 1,546 miles of pipeline ranging in diameter from four inches for feeder lines and 20 inches for the main trunk. This large pipeline network could enable additional capture from other large CO2 sources such as Westar’s Jeffrey Energy Center (2.5 million MT per year) and the CHS McPherson refinery (0.75 million MT per year), depending on economic feasibility at those plants. Adding CO2 from these plants would increase source diversity and overall reliability, expand delivered volume, and potentially improve systemwide economics. As designed, capture and transportation of 9.85 MT of CO2 from ethanol fermentation would require capital investments of $809 million for capture and compression at the 34 ethanol plants and $1.86 Page 17 Prepared by the State CO2-EOR Deployment Work GroupPDF Image | Capturing and Utilizing CO2 from Ethanol
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