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Capturing and Utilizing CO2 from Ethanol: Adding Economic Value and Jobs to Rural Economies and Communities While Reducing Emissions Developing CO2 Pipeline Infrastructure Commensurate with Future Carbon Management Potential In its CO2 pipeline infrastructure paper, the Work Group identified five potential trunk pipeline corridors that would link key industrial, fossil power-generating, and biofuels-producing regions of the country with the potential to supply significant anthropogenic CO2 to major hubs of domestic oil production (see map in Figure 10). With the addition over time of several connecting pipelines of modest length, this roughly horseshoe-shaped system would link the Upper and Lower Midwest in the east to the Gulf Coast and the Permian Basin of Texas and New Mexico in the south to the Rockies and Northern Plains of the U.S. and Canada in the west. Note that these illustrative pipeline corridors focus on the transport of CO2 for use in EOR; depending on available incentives, pipeline infrastructure could be developed to enable saline storage as well.21 Each proposed trunk pipeline would be comparable in scale and volume to the 30-inch diameter Cortez pipeline, the world’s largest CO2 pipeline today. The Cortez spans a 500-mile route from southern Colorado, through New Mexico and into the Permian Basin of Texas, and it has the capacity to transport approximately 30 million MT of CO2 annually. Three of the five potential priority CO2 trunk pipeline corridors suggested by the Work Group have particular relevance for the biofuels industry realizing its long- term potential for large-scale carbon management in the context of ethanol production: • Upper Midwest to the Permian Basin. Moving CO2 from ethanol fermentation, fossil power generation, fertilizer production and other industries in the corn- producing heartland of the Upper Midwest into the vast potential and proven reservoirs of the Permian Basin of Texas and New Mexico; and • Illinois Basin-Midwest to the Permian Basin. Moving CO2 from Midwestern ethanol production, fossil power plants and other industries to midcontinent oilfields in Oklahoma, Kansas and Arkansas and the Permian Basin; and 21 Note that these illustrative pipeline corridors focus on the transport of CO2 for use in EOR; depending on available incentives, pipeline infrastructure could be developed to enable saline storage as well. • Ohio River Valley-Lower Midwest to Gulf Coast. Moving CO2 from fossil power generation, steel production, ethanol production and other sectors in the industrial and manufacturing heartland of the Lower Midwest to Midwestern oilfields and down to onshore and offshore fields of the Gulf Coast of Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. The private sector in the U.S. has a long history of successfully harnessing private capital to develop and finance pipelines across a range of industries. However, the Work Group recognizes that, to develop trunk CO2 pipeline corridors and associated feeder networks on a scale consistent with the future potential for carbon capture deployment, initial trunk pipelines will need to be built with extra capacity up front. Such “super-sizing” of pipelines would enable developers of future carbon capture projects, EOR operations and other geologic storage sites to proceed with confidence in planning, permitting and financing their projects, knowing that adequate pipeline capacity will be in place to transport the CO2, once their projects commence commercial operations. This approach has the added benefit of reducing the total cost and footprint of the future infrastructure needed to meet energy production and emissions reduction objectives by reducing the number and miles of pipelines ultimately constructed. The opportunity to achieve economies of scale is enormous. For example, doubling the diameter of a pipeline quadruples its throughput capacity. Thus, significantly expanding the physical capacity of a pipeline to transport CO2 constitutes a relatively small proportion of total project development, siting and permitting, construction and other costs. Since private investors typically finance pipelines that are only large enough to meet contracted market demand, the Work Group recommends that the federal government provide targeted, low-cost financing of extra capacity in a given trunk pipeline adequate to accommodate future projected demand. Toward that end, the Work Group has prepared a menu of federal financing options with analysis of potential economic benefits to CO2 pipeline projects, and it has presented this menu to members of Congress developing broader federal infrastructure legislation. Page 24 Prepared by the State CO2-EOR Deployment Work GroupPDF Image | Capturing and Utilizing CO2 from Ethanol
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