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Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 1407 10 of 26 on N-doped CNHs (PtRu/N-CNHs) was evaluated for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) [120]. PtRu/NCNHs outperformed reference catalyst PtRu/Vulcan and commercial Pt supported on carbon catalysts against MOR and in tolerance to the carbonaceous intermediates. In an alternative simplified and straightforward approach, CNHs were grown directly onto conductive carbon microfibers by laser ablation [121]. Electrochemical studies of the Pt nanoparticles on CNHs catalyst demonstrated promising results for ORR and MOR. The same team did a more thorough study of the CNHs, focusing on the electroanalytical application. Intact CNHs were tested for the oxidation of ferrocyanide and exhibited higher peak current densities and lowest anodic peak-to-cathodic peak separation compared to other carbon samples [122]. Afterwards, CNHs were coated with Pt of different morphologies and studied as anodes for MOR and as cathodes for ORR with good electrocatalytic activity. Table 1. Electrocatalytic properties, characteristics, and performance of CNH-based materials towards ORR. Electrocatalyst Fe-CNH/CNT Reaction/Conditions ORR/ LSV in 0.1 M HClO ORR/ LSV in 0.5 M H2SO4 ORR/ LSV in 0.1 M KOH ORR/ LSVin0.1MKOH ORR/ LSVin0.1MKOH ORR Performance Onset potential: 0.90 V vs. RHE Half-wave potential: 0.71 V vs. RHE Specific activity: 2.14 mA g/m2 at 0.7 V vs. RHE Electron transfer number: 3.89 Tafel slope: 77.4 mV decade−1 Durability: half-wave potential 0.67 V vs. RHE after 5000 cycles Onset potential: 0.90 V vs. RHE Half-wave potential: 0.75 V vs. RHE Tafel slope: 77.94 mV decade−1 Specific activity: 2.14 mA g/m2 at 0.7 V vs. RHE Electron transfer number: 3.95 Tafel slope: 77.94 mV decade−1 Durability: half-wave potential 0.73 V vs. RHE after 5000 cycles Onset potential: 0.1 V vs. RHE Half-wave potential: 0.85 V vs. RHE Specific activity: 17.39 mA g/m2 at 0.7 V vs. RHE Electron transfer number: 3.90 Tafel slope: 84.84 mV decade−1 Durability: half-wave potential 0.84 V vs. RHE after 5000 cycles Onset potential: −0.026 V vs. Hg/HgO Half-wave potential: −0.036 V vs. Hg/HgO * JD: −3.75 mA cm−2 at 1600 rpm Electron transfer number: 3.6 Tafel slope: 77.4 mV decade−1 Durability: 6% JD loss after 1000 cycles Onset potential: 0.93 V vs. RHE Half-wave potential: ~0.84 V vs. RHE JD: ~−5 mA cm−2 at 1600 rpm Electron transfer number: 3.49 Onset potential: 0.6 V vs. RHE Half-wave potential: ~0.66 V vs. RHE JD: ~−2 mA cm−2 at 1600 rpm Onset potential: ~−0.21 V vs. Ag/AgCl Half-wave potential: ~−0.28V vs. Ag/AgCl JD: ~−2.8 mA cm−2 at 1600 rpm Durability: 4% current loss after 10,000s Onset potential: ~−0.21 V vs. Ag/AgCl Half-wave potential: ~−0.28 V vs. Ag/AgCl JD: ~−2.5 mA cm−2 at 1600 rpm Onset potential: 1.015 V vs. RHE Half-wave potential: 0.925 V vs. RHE JD: ~−5.6 mA cm−2 at 1600 rpm Electron transfer number: ~4 Durability: 4% loss of current density after 12h operation Maximum Power Ref. Density 200 mW/cm2 [56] 4 N-CNHs N-doped CNHs 30 mW/cm2 [68] - [69] - [70] - [76] 250 mW/cm2/125 [79] mW/cm2 Sulfur-doped ORR/ CNHs LSVin0.1MKOH N-B-CNH ORR/ LSV in 0.1 M KOH N-P-CNH Fe-N-CNH ORR/ LSVin0.1MKOHPDF Image | Carbon Nanohorn-Based Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
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