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The lowest CO2 flow rates are estimated for the Sabatier processes, with and without integrated co-electrolysis modules. They, however, have highest water flow rates. The CO2 flow rate is affected by the rate of water coming into the system. Both ultimately produce oxygen and therefore as the water flow rate into the process increases, the carbon dioxide flow rate decreases. When considering total electrical power into the process, the Bosch process with one compressor has the highest value at 244 watts. A comparison between the three-compressor and one-compressor cases shows a power reduction of nearly 15%, in favor of the three-compressor case. The separate compression of the hydrogen, carbon dioxide and recycle streams reduces the compression power from 28.6 watts to 4.48 watts. The Bosch process at sub- atmospheric conditions has a larger compression need than the three-compressor system, 10.3 watts compared to 5.87. However, the overall power usage is quite similar so that the advantage of one system over the other is inconclusive, based on this study. True pressure losses in both systems need to be determined. The co-electrolysis integrated Boudouard process compares well with Bosch process. The amount of power needed for the electrolysis processes are about the same. The Bosch process model used the thermodynamically less efficient low temperature electrolysis to electrolyze water. The Boudouard process model used a more efficient high-temperature electrolysis. However, it also electrolyzes CO2, which requires more energy to split than water. Table 3. Equipment for the production of 1 kg/s of oxygen, part 2 condensers reactors electrolyzer power (watts) heaters # of units 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 duty # of duty (watts) units (watts) # of units power (watts) Bosch process with three compressors Bosch process at sub-atmospheric conditions Bosch Process with one compressor Sabatier process Co-electrolysis integrated Sabatier with recuperation Co-ectrolysis integrated Sabatier without recuperation Co-electrolysis integrated Boudouard Co-electrolysis integrated Hydrogenation -48.5 1 -53.3 1 -83.6 1 -15.3 1 -16.1 1 -16.1 1 0 1 0 1 -16.6 207 -15.9 207 -13.3 206 -28.9 207 -33.1 183 -51.7 183 -66.4 205 -54.2 192 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.07 2 58.2 1 5.60 1 5.40 The Sabatier process requires slightly less power than the Bosch electrolysis power needs are the same. The co-electrolysis integrated Sabatier process has the least power requirement to produce oxygen at 1kg/s of due to the 11% reduction of power within the electrolysis unit. (Although an additional electric heater is needed to achieve electrolysis temperatures, the power increased only by one watt). However, to achieve this power reduction, nearly 60 watts of heat recuperation is necessary. If recuperation is not maintained, the overall power increases by 31%. The co-electrolysis-integrated hydrogenation process has an overall power requirement that is the second lowest and the co-elctrolysis integrated Sabatier process has the lowest power demand. The electrolysis process has a lower power need than the co-electrolysis integrated Boudouard process because water is produced within the process and is the primary component that is electrolyzed. Water electrolyzes at a lower power than carbon dioxide because the heat of formation of water is lower. Estimated power numbers indicate that water electrolysis may be favored over CO2 electrolysis when both carbon dioxide and water enter the co-electrolysis unit. As the water is depleted and hydrogen is produced, the hydrogen shifts the carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide and water. The new, shifted, water is then further electrolyzed. In the case of the co-electrolysis integrated Boudouard process, no water is 20 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics processes due to lesser compression needs. ThePDF Image | CO2 and Steam Co-Electrolysis for Resource Utilization in Space
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