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Preface This project was initiated to complement research on transport power generation using hydrogen, being carried out by the Fuels and Combustion Research Group at the University of Canterbury. The premise for this research was that liquid hydrogen offered the best medium of storing hydrogen on-board vehicles. Early readings, amongst which was the Fuel Cell Handbook by Appleby and Foulkes (Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1989); indicated that alkaline fuel cells were best suited to transport power generation applications but for their intolerance of CO2 in the fuel and/or air. Since this project was concerned with the use of liquid hydrogen, the CO2 content of the fuel was not a consideration. The initial readings also encompassed work by Furuhama et al. (Proc 81h WHEC, vol. 3, 1990) and Sussman (Adv Cryo Eng, vol. 25, 1980) on the use of thermomechanical exergy recovery from cryofuels to run Rankine cycle engines. Liquid hydrogen at a storage pressure of 4 bar (typical) has a boiling point of -247°C. The work that can be derived by using the temperature difference between the stored liquid and its surroundings represents an additional ~10% of the chemical exergy of the fuel. CO2 removal from air for alkaline fuel cells, and thermomechanical exergy recovery from liquid hydrogen, seemed to tie in simply, by using the liquid hydrogen and the cold boil-off gaseous hydrogen to run a refrigeration purification process to effect CO2 removal from alkaline fuel cell feed air. The pertinent issues of alkaline fuel cells and liquid hydrogen use are presented in chapter one. The calculations for CO2 removal by refrigeration purification showed that this process was reliant on very high effectiveness heat transfer, and that even the heat released by the natural humidity or water content in the air would be too much for this process to work. High effectiveness heat exchangers, and CO2 removal from air in breathing atmospheres in space vehicles and air liquefaction systems, were investigated. As a result of this study a design for a feasible CO2 removal process emerged. The refrigeration purification calculations and the schematic layout of the proposed process are shown in chapter two. Studying high effectiveness heat exchangers led to an excellent review article on matrix heat exchangers by Venkatarathnam and Sarangi (Cryogenics, vol.30, 1990). By design, matrix heat exchangers are very compact, very high effectiveness heat exchangers, and it seemed appropriate to try them in the CO2 removal application. Venkatarathnam had developed a new method for analysing the thermal performance of matrix heat exchangers. He, kindly, provided a copy of his Ph.D thesis. The numerical solution he had worked out was incorporated into a program included in his thesis. The program was designed to be used to determine the performance of the matrix heat exchanger for given flow and geometric parameters. The program in his thesis did notPDF Image | CO2 removal from air for alkaline fuel cells operating with liquid H2
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