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Chapter 2 Evaluation of CO2 removal using thermomechanical exergy recovery Viable methods of air side CO2 removal are discussed. Basic calculations for CO2 removal from air by refrigeration purification are presented. Exergy calculations are used to show that only 15-17% of the cooling required for refrigeration purification is available. A schematic description ofthe proposed new process for CO2 removal is given. 2.1 Methods of air side CO2 removal for alkaline fuel cells The CO2 content of reformed carbonaceous fuel for use in fuel cells, has been the focus of CO2 removal techniques[47]. CO2 removal from the air for use in fuel cells (air side) has been variously considered either debilitating, as by Howard and Greenhill [48] or simply written o f f as by K.Kordesch (in discussion with Bloomfield[17]). Experimental or demonstration hydrogen-air AFC vehicles (Karl Kordesch's Austin A-40[49;13-pI93], Elenco's Eureka fuel cell bus[7]) have used soda lime exclusively, to scrub CO2 from air. Three methods for air side CO2removal for an AFC are reviewed here: • soda lime - because it has been used in this application previously; • molecular sieve carbon/zeolites - because they are commonly used to remove CO2 in air separation; and • in-cell electrochemical removal. Details of these and several other processes for CO2 removal from fuel and air side, and their evaluation has been presented previously by Giner and Swette[47], Piperopoulou and Bloomfield[17], and Appleby and Foulkes[13-p266]. 2.1.1 Soda lime Soda lime is a granular solid; a hydrated mixture of calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. Carbon dioxide removal from a gas stream passed through soda lime occurs because of the absorption of CO2 on the NaOH followed by the reaction of the resulting NazC03 with Ca(OH)2 to form CaC03• The overall reaction is Ca(OH)2+C02~CaC03+H20 (2.1) As the soda lime becomes spent a film of CaC03 is formed around the particles and it is not regenerable. The presence of moisture is essential to the reactions and only moistPDF Image | CO2 removal from air for alkaline fuel cells operating with liquid H2
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