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26 Chapter 3 Heat exchanger design and construction coefficients besides providing very high heat transfer areas. The gaps between the screens also ensure uniform flow distribution by continuous re-headering, provided the passages of the same stream are connected internally, rather than at headers at the ends only. The spacers, being of low thermal conductivity, also reduce axial conduction and the associated deterioration in thermal performance. There is no unique geometry for the plates/screens or the arrangement ofprocess streams. Multiple flow passages are used to reduce fin height (increase fin effectiveness). The low volume and mass of the matrix heat exchanger are important for reducing the exposed area and thus heat leak, and cool-down time. 3.4.2 Choice of perforated plate over wire mesh As a part of this work, while analytical models of thermal and hydraulic performance were being evaluated, construction materials and methods, for matrix heat exchangers were also tested. Given that the thermal hydraulic properties of wire mesh are superior to those of perforated plate: higher porosity, higher surface area per unit volume, and lower drag coefficient; and that wire mesh has been studied more extensively in connection with its use in regenerators, the initial work focused on wire mesh. Although spacers made from several materials were tried, bonding and sealing problems persisted. Subsequently a suitable method for construction using perforated plates was developed. The rest of this chapter is therefore focused mainly on perforated plate matrix heat exchangers. Construction techniques are covered in the latter part of this chapter. 3.4.3 Matrix heat exchanger analysis Matrix heat exchangers were initially treated as conventional heat exchangers employing an extended fin surface on both sides. The standard hyperbolic tangent formula was used for fin effectiveness by McMahon et al.[70] Subsequently Fleming's[78] relation, based on the assumption that the temperature difference between the fluid and the matrix, rather than the fluid temperature itself remains constant over the length of the fin, has been used. Axial conduction was accounted for by the method of Kroeger[73]. Sarangi and Barclay[79] treated the MHE as a discrete set of plate-spacer pairs, instead ofbeing uniform in the axial direction, and found a substantial ineffectiveness to be related to the finite number of plates. They assumed, however, that fin effectiveness was unity. In the most recent analysis available, Venkatarathnam[80] has derived two second order ordinary differential equations and four algebraic equations describing the energy balance and heat transfer for every plate, based on the assumptions that the axial temperature gradient in the plate is negligible and hence the full temperature drop takesPDF Image | CO2 removal from air for alkaline fuel cells operating with liquid H2
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