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66 Chapter 5 Results and discussion is operated by a pneumatic actuator. During the testing it was found that the actuator would freeze and become inoperable, and leak. In the absence of any other suitable actuator, a heating arrangement was installed and this actuator was heated to keep it from freezing and leaking. This additional heat adds a substantial heat leak into the nitrogen gas flowing through the cross-over valve by conduction through this valve. The temperature of the gas, on passing through this valve was measured to increase by about I-2°C. It is not possible to quantify exactly the heat leak through the valve because there is some pressure drop across this valve as well, and associated cooling of the gas. The heat leak maybe approximated from the measured temperature increase and knowledge of the flow rate, as 2-4W. Figure 5.9 Fluid temperature at various positions at the cold end ofthe heat exchangers prior to by-pass removal. -145 -150 G -155 0 '-' tU ~ -160 ~ S' -165 E "0 'S -170 l+=i -175 -180 -185 0 00 -140 ~o )( )( )( )( )( +- A&&&&&&A <) e EO> 400 600 800 1000 time (s) (b) Increased heat leak at the cold end. The cold end temperature in this combined arrangement is -160°C in comparison to -75°C for the single MHE tests. The added temperature gradient increases the heat leak at the cold end through the by-pass and LN2-HX valves and pipe-work. Figure 5.4 and Figure 5.6 show the effect of heat leak on temperatures at the cold end in the single heat exchanger configuration. The presence and effect of this heat leak was explored by removing the by-pass valve and pipe-work. Figure 5.9 shows the cold end temperatures in the double heat exchanger configuration. Figure 5.10 shows the temperatures with the by-pass valve and pipe-work removed. The former by-pass inlet thermocouple has been inserted into the header at the cold end outlet. From these two graphs it can be seen that with the by-pass removed: 0 )( )( )( 0 by-pass out x by-pass in + LN2-HXin <> LN2-HX out " Cold end inlet avg. ElPDF Image | CO2 removal from air for alkaline fuel cells operating with liquid H2
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