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control volume, where Q = heat added, kJ m = mass, kg h = specific enthalpy, kJ/kg u = specific internal energy, kJ/kg m - Q-m.(uj-u.) 11 (D.I) 2 h -u 2j and subscripts 1 = initial f = final 2 = exiting control volume For intermittent venting, ie. for defined vent cracking and re-seal pressures, it has been assumed that the venting process is instantaneous and that for the duration of venting, the system is adiabatic. All the heat addition occurs while the system pressure is rebuilding after venting. The system is assumed homogeneous at all times. Alternatively, if the venting is continuous at the operating pressure of the tank, then the heat leak, Q, must be included in the equation. In this case the system is seen as homogeneous until the pressure at which the vent opens is reached. Following this all the heat added is consumed by liquid vaporisation. In either case since Uf is a function of m2 the equation becomes where tvol v = tank volume, m3 = specific volume, m3/kg u -u and subscripts I = liquid g = gas u,-h2 + V , - - Vg-v, It is assumed that change in gas velocity in the vent valve can be neglected in the above equations. Two programs were written to calculate rates of pressure rise based on the homogeneous and surface evaporation models. The results for pressure rise calculated using the homogeneous model match those of Rotenburg[1l4]. The results of this analysis, shown in Figure D.I, indicate that the time to empty is lower for the surface evaporation case, as expected. This time to empty decreases with increasing vent pressure because the latent heat of vaporisation decreases with increasing pressure. For the homogeneous case time to empty is maximum between 0.2 and 0.4 MPa. This is because the difference between specific enthalpy and internal energy is maximum in this pressure range, and this difference represents the net lowering of internal energy of the system due to venting. This implies that this pressure range is theoretically the best for venting pressure. 'g D-I09 (D.2)PDF Image | CO2 removal from air for alkaline fuel cells operating with liquid H2
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