PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 003
Processes 2021, 9, 528 3 of 14 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Preparation of Powders and Membranes The powders of 60 wt.%Ce0.85Pr0.1M0.05O2-δ-40 wt.%Pr0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Al0.2O3-δ (M = Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) (CPM-PSFA) composites were obtained via a modified one-pot Pechini method. First, the corresponding nitrates on the basis of the stoichiometric ratio of the composites were weighted and formulated into a homogeneous aqueous solution. Subse- quently, citric acid and ethylene glycol are added into the solution as a chelating agent and a surfactant, respectively. The molar mass ratio of the metal nitrate, citric acid, and ethylene glycol is 1:2:2. By heating and stirring the above solutions to evaporate the water and then turn it into viscous gels. Then, the air bakeout of these gels is carried out in an oven at around 150 ◦C, followed by crushing into the powder precursors. The ground precursors were first heated at 600 ◦C, then heated up to 950 ◦C, and kept at that temperature for 12 h in a muffle furnace. After these calcinations, we can get the target CPM-PSFA composite powders. Next, we put the pre-obtained composite powders into the stainless-steel mold with a diameter of 15 mm, added ~12 MPa pressure, and held it for around 5–10 min. The membrane embryos obtained from pressure are heated in air at 1275 ◦C for 5 h with an ascending and descending temperature rate of 1.5 ◦C/min. After the sintering process, we obtained the dense CPM-PSFA composite membranes. Finally, the membranes after sintering were carefully polished to a thickness of 0.6 mm with mesh sandpapers and then cleaned with absolute ethyl alcohol. 2.2. Characterization of Membranes To exploit the phase purity and crystal structure of the 60 wt.%Ce0.85Pr0.1M0.05O2-δ-40 wt.%Pr0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Al0.2O3-δ (M = Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) (CPM-PSFA) powders and mem- branes, we carried out the room temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD, D-MAX 2200 VPC, Rigaku with Cu Kα) measurements. Moreover, we analyzed the room temperature XRD data by the Fullprof suite software with Rietveld refinement model. The lattice parameters are obtained by fitting the XRD patterns with Fullprof software (version: 14-June-2018). We further investigated the microscopic morphologies and chemical compositions of the sintered membranes by several characterizations including scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Quanta 400F, Oxford), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), and backscat- tered scanning electron microscopy (BSEM). Resistivity was measured by the physical property measurement system (PPMS) with the four-probe method. 2.3. Oxygen Permeability of Membranes Oxygen permeation fluxes through the 60 wt.%Ce0.85Pr0.1M0.05O2-δ-40 wt.%Pr0.6Sr0.4 Fe0.8Al0.2O3-δ (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) (CPM-PSFA) composite membranes were explored by a homemade high-temperature oxygen setup connected to a gas chromatograph (GC, Zhonghuida-A60, Dalian, China), as reported in the previous literatures [43,44]. Figure S4 shows our homemade high-temperature oxygen setup. As shown in Figure S4, the CPM- PSFA (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) dual-phase membranes were glued on an alundum tube with the ceramic adhesive (Huitian 2767, China) and dried in air at 140 ◦C for 10 h. Then we put the corundum tube with a sealed dual-phase membrane inside a sealed quartz tube. Two ends of quartz tubes were fixed by brass nuts with O-ring. When the assembled membrane permeator were ready, we then loaded it into the tube muffle furnace and made sure the sealed dual-phase membrane sits on the middle of the muffle furnace. Generally speaking, the sealed membranes were assembled into the homemade high-temperature oxygen setup and then employed as the membrane separation reactor. After checking the gas tightness, the dry synthetic air with a flow rate of 100 cm3 min−1 was inlet into one side of the sealed membrane; meanwhile He or CO2 (49 cm3 min−1) as the sweeping gases with Ne (1 cm3 min−1) as a standard gas were inlet into the other side of the sealed membrane. All on-flow gas flows are regulated by the mass flowmeters (Sevenstar, China), which are made the periodic calibration with a soap membrane flow meter. The produced mixture gases were detected by an online connection GC with a 1000 mesh carbon molecular sieve.PDF Image | CO2-Tolerant Oxygen Permeation Membranes
PDF Search Title:
CO2-Tolerant Oxygen Permeation MembranesOriginal File Name Searched:
processes-09-00528-v2.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |