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Chapter 1 Introduction The performance of a fuel cell is usually determined by obtaining a polariza- tion curve, where cell voltage is plotted as a function of current density. Naturally, a higher cell voltage at a specific current indicates better per- formance. However, we can also gain information from the polarization curve about factors that are affecting cell performance. Performance losses caused by slow kinetics, ohmic resistance and mass transport can all be diagnosed from a polarization curve. Figure 2 shows a typical polarization curve of a fuel cell. Also shown are the regions where kinetic, ohmic and mass transport losses occur. Kinetic losses are typical seen as a sharp drop in potential at low current densities due to slow electrode kinetics. Ohmic losses (i.e. from the membrane/electrode resistances) are usually observed in the linear region at intermediate current densities Mass transport losses, which is caused by the slow mass transport of the reactants at the elec- trode/electrolyte interface, can be diagnosed from sudden drops in potential at high current densities. 4.3. Materials for DMFC Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is the heart of DMFC and consists of a proton exchange membrane, catalyst layers and gas diffusion layers (GDLs). These components are fabricated individually and then pressed together at high temperatures and pressures [5]. Figure 3 illustrates transport through PEM fuel cell cathode. Figure 3. Transport of gases, protons, and electrons in a PEM fuel cell electrode (cathode) [5]. 6PDF Image | Development of membrane materials for direct methanol fuel cells
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