PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 017
Chapter 1 Introduction Nafion® is a perfluorsulfonic acid membrane which possesses high proton conductivity of 90–120 mS cm−1 at 80 oC in the relative humidity (RH) range of 34–100% and has a good chemical as well as mechanical stability [10]. Nafion® is chemically inert in reducing and oxidizing environments due to the polytertrafluorethylene (PFTE)-based structure. CF CF2 O CF2 CF2 O CF2 CF2 SO3- CF2CF2 nm z Figure 4. Chemical structure of Nafion® (based on a figure of [11]). A very important property for membranes in fuel cells is the water uptake. According to the manufacturer, Nafion® membranes show an increase of about 10% in thickness and linear expansion when it is brought in contact with liquid water (230C). Due to the hydrophobic backbones and the hydro- philic end groups, a spontaneous phase separation takes place in the mem- brane [10]. Hydrophilic clusters are formed in the hydrated condition that are connected through water channels thereby forming a water network. The clusters contain the solvated SO3- groups, water and cations. The con- figuration of these clusters minimizes the hydrophobic interaction of ions and water with the backbone as well as the electrostatic repulsion of close sulfonate groups as illustrated in Figure 5. CF3 Figure 5. Cluster model ([11]). 9PDF Image | Development of membrane materials for direct methanol fuel cells
PDF Search Title:
Development of membrane materials for direct methanol fuel cellsOriginal File Name Searched:
thesis_H_Yildirim.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)