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Chapter 3 Impregnated membranes for DMFCs at high methanol concentrations 2. Experimental 2.1. Materials and membrane preparation Materials SPPEK-polymers (Fig. 1), with two different ion-exchange capacities (IECs) (1.4 and 1.6 mmol/g), were kindly provided by FuMA-Tech GmbH (Germany). For the composite membranes a porous PE film, Solupor® microporous UHMWPE, (provided by DSM Solutech), with a thickness of 13 μm, mean flow pore size of 0.7μm, and porosity of 85%, was used. The density of PE is 0.97 g/cm3. N117 membranes (185μm and 1100 equivalent weight (EW)) were purchased from Aldrich (Germany). N-Methyl-2- Pyrrolidone (NMP) was purchased from Aldrich (Germany). E-TEK electrodes were purchased from E-TEK DeNora (U.S.A.). Preparation of SPPEK membranes The SPPEK polymers were dissolved in NMP to obtain 10wt%-solutions. The mixture, SPPEK/NMP, was stirred over night in the fumehood to get a homogenous solution. After dissolving, the solutions were filtered with metal mesh filters first with 40 μm and afterwards with 15 μm pore size to remove undissolved and dirt particles. The solution was cast on a glass plate with a casting knife of 0.5 mm to get dense membranes with a thickness of 50 μm. The membranes were dried in the fumehood for 3 days, and afterwards in an oven for 5 days at 80°C. To remove the remaining NMP, they were placed in demineralized water for one day; the water was exchanged several times. The membranes were dried for 5 days under vacuum at 30°C and finally were stored in a dry place at room temperature. Preparation of SPPEK-PE composite membranes A 10wt% SPPEK/NMP solution was used for the impregnation. A PE-film (30 x 15 cm) was fixed on a glass frame with scotch tape. For the impregnation of the PE substrate, an airbrush gun with a 0.5mm nozzle was used. The gas pressure was set to 2 bar. After filling 20 ml of the solution into the airbrush gun, the PE film was impregnated at a distance of 10 cm from both sides (10ml solution at each side). The impregnated membranes were dried in the same way as the SPPEK membranes (see earlier). 39PDF Image | Development of membrane materials for direct methanol fuel cells
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