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Chapter 3 Impregnated membranes for DMFCs at high methanol concentrations ⎛Value −Value ⎞ SD(%)=⎜ wet dry ⎟.100, (2) ⎝ Valuedry ⎠ Methanol permeability The methanol permeability, P [cm2/s], at 25°C was measured using a two compartment diffusion cell following the procedure described elsewhere [13]. Proton conductivity The proton conductivity measurements were performed by impedance spectroscopy in a home-made cell following the procedure described elsewhere [13]. Prior to all experiments, membranes were equilibrated for 24h in ultra pure water and various methanol solutions (from 1M to 10M). 2.2. Fabrication of membrane-electrode assemblies E-TEK commercial electrodes were used to fabricate the membrane- electrode assemblies (MEAs). Both anode and cathode contain 5mg/cm2 Pt- Ru and Pt, respectively. For both electrodes DE2020 Nafion® dispersion was used as a binder layer. The Nafion loading was about 1.2mg/cm2. The geometric area of each electrode was 6.25cm2. The MEAs were prepared by hot pressing of the anode and cathode on both sides of the membrane with a pressure of 10bar for 5 minutes at 120°C. 2.3. Single cell DMFC performance The performance of the MEAs was evaluated using a DMFC set-up con- structed by the Energy Research Centre (ECN, The Netherlands). The MEA was clamped between two graphite blocks. A serpentine flow pattern is etched in each of the graphite blocks to provide fuel to the MEA. Both graphite blocks were connected with electrical wires to an adjustable elec- trical load. The cell was thermostated with a heating bath and the tempera- ture of the cell was measured with a thermocouple. The methanol solution was fed to the anode at flow rates of 20 ml/min and dry oxygen was fed to the cathode at flow rates of 75 ml/min and back pressure of 2 bar. The temperature of the cell was kept at 80°C. Polarization curves were measured by applying different currents and measuring the correspondent cell volt- ages. The current was increased step by step till the cell voltage became 41PDF Image | Development of membrane materials for direct methanol fuel cells
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