PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 051
Chapter 3 Impregnated membranes for DMFCs at high methanol concentrations all cases SPPEK1.6 swells more than SPPEK1.4 due to its higher ion- exchange capacity. The swelling of the impregnated membranes are lower than pure membranes due to the presence of hydrophobic PE substrate. 50 40 30 20 10 50 40 30 20 10 (a) Ultra pure water (b)10M methanol SP P E K 1. 6 SPPEK1.4 SP P E K1 . 6- P E SP P E K1 . 4- P E S P P EK 1 . 6 SPPEK1.4-PE SPPEK1.4 SPPEK1.6-PE 00 0 50 100 150 200 time [h] 0 50 100 150 200 time [h] Figure 3. Swelling degrees by weight in (a) ultra pure water and (b) 10M methanol solution. Figure 4a and 4b show the results of the SD by weight and area, respectively, of all membranes at various methanol concentrations. Swelling by weight of SPPEK1.4 and SPPEK1.6 show a slight increase till 6M and then increase more sharply up to 10M methanol concentration (especially, the SPPEK1.6) (Fig. 4a). Swelling by weight of SPPEK1.6 is higher than SPPEK1.4 due to its higher ion-exchange capacity. For comparison, the swelling by weight of N117 and N-PE membranes are much higher than SPPEK and SPPEK-PE membranes at high concentrations and they are in the range of 70% and 50%, respectively [13]. Swelling by weight of both composite membranes (SPPEK1.4-PE and SPPEK1.6-PE) is independent of methanol concentration and almost factor of two lower than the pure SPPEK1.4 and SPPEK1.6 membranes. This is probably due to the suppression of the swelling degree of the composite membranes by the PE substrate. In Figure 4b, one can see similar trends concerning the swelling by area of the various membranes. At higher methanol concentrations, the SD by area of the SPPEK1.4 and SPPEK1.6 increases, but of the composite membranes 43 SD by weight SD by weightPDF Image | Development of membrane materials for direct methanol fuel cells
PDF Search Title:
Development of membrane materials for direct methanol fuel cellsOriginal File Name Searched:
thesis_H_Yildirim.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |