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Chapter 5 Micro-structured Nafion membranes for DMFC applications 1. Introduction Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are attracting an increasing interest because of the highly efficient power generation by using sustainable energy sources. DMFCs can be used mainly as power sources to portable electronic devices [1-5]. They have advantages over other battery technologies (e.g. lithium-ion batteries) for portable electronic devices where high power-to- weight ratios, fast start up times and an easy-to-recharge character are needed [6, 7]. However, DMFCs are still not commercially attractive because of the high catalyst loadings required and large system volumes. One of the aspects which is often addressed in the literature to improve DMFC performance is the improvement of the polymer electrolyte membrane, itself. The Nafion® membrane which is currently being used broadly has excellent proton conductivity, mechanical strength and thermal and chemical stability but has rather high methanol crossover [8-12]. Researchers made already several attempts to improve the performance of Nafion membranes by impregnating them into porous supports [13-14] or by adding inorganic fillers to the polymer matrix [15-17]. Another aspect for improvement of fuel cell is better catalyst utilization by micro-structuring of the membrane surface. This interesting concept which has been applied for hydrogen fuel cells [7] and micro-DMFCs [18] (using nano-imprinted membranes) aims to achieve enhanced catalyst surface area without increase of geometric surface area of the membrane electrode assembly. In this work, we explore further the concept of micro-structuring Nafion membranes for DMFC at larger surface areas. We, in fact, investigate the effect of micro-structuring and heat and pressure treatment during hot embossing procedure on the overall DMFC performance of Nafion membranes. All membranes are characterized with respect to their swelling degree, methanol flux, membrane resistance and DMFC performance. 2. Experimental 2.1. Materials N117 membrane (185μm and 1100 equivalent weight (EW)) was purchased from Aldrich (Germany). E-TEK electrodes with standard 5.0 mg/cm2 TM loading using unsupported HP Pt:Ru Alloy (1:1 a/o) Black for the anode and 5.0 mg/cm2 Pt Black for the cathode were purchased from E-TEK DeNora (U.S.A.). 74PDF Image | Development of membrane materials for direct methanol fuel cells
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