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Chapter 5 Micro-structured Nafion membranes for DMFC applications heat and pressure treated (hp) and normal N117 membranes, respectively. The methanol fluxes in Figure 5b are calculated from the slope of the graphs in Figure 5a divided by the geometric surface area of the mem- branes. The hp N117 (non structured) membrane has much lower flux than the normal N117 membrane although both membranes have the same geo- metric surface area. This decrease may be due to changes in membrane structure (compaction) as explained in the section of swelling. Interestingly, the μs N117 and hp N117 membranes have similar methanol transport (Figure 5a). Although one would expect higher methanol transport through the μs N117 due to the increased micro-structured surface area. Perhaps, due to swelling in methanol, the microstructure is partly lost or the effect of the microstructure on the methanol flux is rather small and basically masked by the strong effect of the heat and pressure treatment. 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.000 0 2000 4000 Time [s] 6000 8000 1.2x10-7 1.0x10-7 8.0x10-8 6.0x10-8 4.0x10-8 2.0x10-8 0.0 a) b) N117 N117 μs N117 hp N117 hp N117 μsN117 Figure 5. a) Methanol amount passing through the membrane and b) methanol fluxes of line structured (μs), heat and pressure treated (hp) and normal N117 membranes. 3.4. Membrane resistance Figure 6 presents the resistances of μs N117, hp N117 and normal N117 membranes. Unlike methanol flux, the heat and pressure treatment doesn’t have any effect on membrane resistance. All three membranes have similar resistances. In the literature there are few articles discussing the effect of heat treatment to the Nafion® resistance with rather conflicting messages. Sone et al. for example reported that heat treatment of Nafion® increases 79 Membranes Amount of methanol at water compartment [mol] Flux [mol.cm-2.min-1 ]PDF Image | Development of membrane materials for direct methanol fuel cells
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