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Chapter 6 Reflections and outlook fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon materials. PEI membranes with different pore sizes ranging from 1μm to 10μm were prepared. Figure 1 shows the surface and cross-section SEM images of PEI substrates. Different methods were tried to impregnate the polymer solutions into the pores of the PEI film i.e, brushing, dipping and casting solution layers on both sides of the substrate. None of these methods gave a fully impregnated membrane. The PEI material was very porous and too open to impregnate. Membranes with smaller pore size maybe better for impregnation. Besides, increase of affinity of the material and of impregnated polymer solution [1] and/or multiple impregnations, using surfactants in the impregnation polymer solution to increase the possibility of impregnation level can be used. In Chapter 4, composite membranes were prepared by mixing H-ZSM-5 zeolites with DE2020 dispersion. This study showed that composite membranes have indeed lower methanol permeability and higher proton conductivity than pure DE2020 membrane. DEZ25-5 has the best performance namely high power density and stable performance in time with low fluctuations. This is, in fact, the membrane with the best DMFC performance in this thesis. For further improvement of performance of these composite membranes, several new strategies can be followed. A wider Si/Al range may be investigated. In addition to that, modified zeolites, i.e. acid functionalized zeolites [2], can be used in order to increase the conductivity and the fuel cell performance. In Chapter 5, micro-structured Nafion membranes were prepared using hot embossing technique and characterized for DMFC applications. Besides hot embossing, DE2020 Nafion dispersion was also cast on a micro-structured silicon mold. Unfortunately the adhesion between the membrane and the mold was strong and release of the membrane film from the mold was problematic. Two methods were tried to prevent this: (1) By vapor depositing perfluorinated octyltrichlorosilane (FOTS), surface of the silicon mold was chemically hydrophobized as a first method. (2) Membranes were immersed into water or alcohol to keep the membrane in a swollen state prior to release. Both methods didn’t achieve easier release from the mold. In addition to these, new methods can be tried to make micro-structured membranes with higher fuel cell performance. One of them could be first making a micro-structured membrane and then coating the micro- 88PDF Image | Development of membrane materials for direct methanol fuel cells
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