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Chapter 6 Reflections and outlook structured side of the membrane with catalyst layer. Dry techniques are desirable for catalyst coating the membrane in order to avoid swelling of the membrane. Sputtering can be a choice of a dry technique. In the case of DMFC, there are two major difficulties for this: (i) Finding the appropriate Pt-Ru target for the anode and (ii) High loadings of the catalyst (5mg/cm2), which is needed for high DMFC performance. The chance of getting cracks in the catalyst layer increases with increasing catalyst loading. This method is more appropriate for hydrogen fuel cells where lower loadings (0.5mg/cm2) are used. Another method can be hot embossing the micro-structure on the mem- brane together with the gas diffusion electrode (GDE). Instead of placing the membrane on the silicon mold and hot embossing, GDE can be placed in between the silicon mold and the membrane and in one step micro- structure can be made and MEA can be prepared by hot pressing the GDE on the membrane. One difficulty of this process is the stability of the fibers of the gas diffusion layer (GDL). If the fibers are broken then the electrical conductivity of the material decreases and the performance of the MEA de- creases as well. Hot embossing process parameters (temperature, pressure and time) have to be optimized to get the best structure and still keeping the fibers of the GDL intact. 1M MeOH 350 250 6M MeOH 300 250 200 150 100 50 200 150 100 50 a) b) 00 N 1 1 7 μ s N 1 1 7 D E 2 0 20 N P E D E Z 2 5 - 5 N 1 1 7 N - P E SP P EK SP P EK - P E Figure 2. DMFC performances of various membranes at a) 1M and b) 6M MeOH concentra- tions. Figure 2a and 2b summarizes the main findings of the DMFC measure- ments of this thesis. It hopefully gives indication in which direction the de- 89 Maximum power density [mW/cm2] Maximum power density [mW/cm2]PDF Image | Development of membrane materials for direct methanol fuel cells
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