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The standard cell voltage for a DMFC at 25oC is 1.21V. However, this potential is never obtained in reality. The open circuit potential is usually about 0.6 to 0.8V in the best case. 4. Issues in DMFC a. Slowelectro-oxidationkinetics Various surface intermediates are formed during methanol electro-oxidation. Methanol is mainly decomposed to CO which is then further oxidized to CO2. Other CO- like species are also formed: COHads, HCOads, HCOOads [11]. Principle by-products are formaldehyde and formic acid. Some of these intermediates are not readily oxidizable and remain strongly adsorbed to the catalyst surface. Consequently, they prevent fresh methanol molecules from adsorbing and undergoing further reaction. Thus electro- oxidation of intermediates is the rate limiting step. This poisoning of the catalyst surface seriously slows down the oxidation reaction. Besides, a small percentage of the intermediates desorbs before being oxidized to CO2 and hence reduce fuel efficiency but undergoing in complete oxidation. Thus, a very important challenge is to develop new electrocatalysts that inhibit the poisoning and increase the rate of the reaction. At the same time, they should have a better activity toward carbon dioxide formation. b. Methanol Crossover Description: In PEM fuel cells, one of the objectives of the membrane is to stop fuel and oxygen to reach the electrode on the other side and undergo non-electrochemical oxidation. However, in DMFC, the fuel diffuses through Nafion membrane. Due to the hydroxyl group and its hydrophilic properties, methanol interacts with the ion exchange sites and is dragged by hydronium ions in addition to diffusion as a result of concentration gradient between anode and cathode. - 18 -PDF Image | Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) Performance
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