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This phenomenon is especially an issue at high current densities where a large amount of carbon dioxide is formed. Two techniques are considered to take care of this problem. They certainly have to be developed and used simultaneously. First, the patterns of the feed channels can be changed to help a quick removal of CO2. Second, Lu and Wang [6] investigated the structure of the diffusion layer itself and formation of bubbles on the top. According to them, small and homogeneously spread pores would create small diameter bubbles rather than slugs. This may generate a bubbly flow rather than a slug flow. 5. Electrode structure The gas diffusion layer of an electrode is usually carbon cloth. Carbon paper has also been used but has shown a higher resistance to methanol diffusion [7]. Besides CO2 bubbles formation management was not as good as with carbon cloth. a. Catalysts The catalytic layer is made from a catalytic powder applied to the diffusion layer or directly on the membrane. Catalyst for anode and cathode are different. Anode catalyst: It has been proven that an adsorbed hydroxyl group is needed in rate determining steps of methanol oxidation [1]. This group comes from water dissociation on the catalyst surface which occurs only at high electrode potential (0.6V) on Pt. That makes methanol oxidation difficult on a pure Pt catalyst. However, water discharging occurs at much lower potential on ruthenium (0.2V). That is why a bimetallic catalyst containing both platinum and Ruthenium is commonly used at anode. The chemisorption process of methanol is significantly favored on Pt sites. Consequently, the steps concerned by the hydroxyl groups can only occur on adjacent Pt - 22 -PDF Image | Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) Performance
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