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III. Experimentalmethods 1. Membrane pretreatment Nafion • 1⁄2 hour in deionized water to soak them; • 1⁄2 hour in 5 %vol hydrogen peroxide to oxidize impurities; • 1⁄2 hour in deionized water; • 1 hour in 0.5mol/L sulfuric acid; • 1⁄2 hour in deionized water. 2. Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) preparation The catalytic ink was prepared by mixing the amount of catalyst (from Alfa Aesar) needed for one electrode with 5mL of deionized water and 5mL of methanol. Then 5% Nafion solution (1100EW from DUPONT [ρ=2.01g/cm3]) is added. The weight of Nafion is 10% of the weight of catalyst. The ink was sonicated for 3 hours. WARNING: Ethanol and isopropanol are the most frequent organic solvent used in catalytic ink preparation for DMFC. They can react violently with catalysts (especially Pt and Pt/Ru black) and start a combustion reaction. To prevent any risk, when the ink is prepared, the catalyst should be first mixed with water and completely soaked before alcohol addition. Besides the desired amount of alcohol needs to be poured into a beaker before being added to the ink. The ink was sprayed on 5cm2 carbon cloth pieces (1.75g/cc, Teflon treated from Electrochem). MEAs were prepared by hot-pressing electrodes on each side of the Nafion membrane for 2 min 30 at 275 F under 2 tons. This operating mode has initially been developed for hydrogen fuel cells. membranes 117 from Electrochem were treated by consecutive boiling: - 27 -PDF Image | Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) Performance
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